FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENT & HYBRID WORK: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW DARI 2015 SAMPAI 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/wpm.v17i2.7744Keywords:
Flexible Working Arrangements, Hybrid Working, Work–Life Balance, Productivity, Employee Performance, Systematic ReviewAbstract
This study is a systematic review of reputable articles from SINTA 2–3 and SCOPUS (Q1–Q3) journals that examine Flexible Working Arrangements (FWA) and hybrid working across various sectors, including private companies, government institutions, higher education institutions, digital startups, and e-commerce. The findings indicate that FWA generally has a positive impact on performance, job satisfaction, employee engagement, loyalty, productivity, and the improvement of employees’ work–life balance. The effectiveness of FWA implementation is strongly influenced by supervisory support, the readiness of technological infrastructure, internal organizational policies, as well as job characteristics and types of work. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, such as communication barriers, disparities in technological skills among employees, and coordination difficulties in collaborative work. Overall, these findings suggest that FWA and hybrid working have significant potential as long-term work strategies to enhance employee well-being and productivity, provided they are supported by clear management systems, adaptive human resource practices, and a flexible work culture.
References
Abean, T. A., & Trisyulianti, E. (2025). Pengaruh Hybrid Work terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan di PT XYZ. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi (JMO), 16(2), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v16i2.64319
Amri, M. M., Maharani, A., & Hidayah, Z. (2022). JOB BURNOUT AND FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENT ASSOCIATIONS ON EMPLOYEE WELLBEING WITH PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AS MEDIATOR: A STUDY DURING PANDEMIC. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(3), 594-610. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.03.11
Anakpo, G., Nqwayibana, Z., & Mishi, S. (2023). The Impact of Work-from-Home on Employee Performance and Productivity: A Systematic Review. Sustainability 2023, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054529
Aziz, R., Parwoto, P., & Iqbal, M. A. (2022). The Influence of Flexible Working Arrangements on Turnover Intention and Productivity Through Job Satisfaction on The Millennial Generation of Private Companies in Jakarta in 2022. International Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR), 2(10). https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v2i10.169
Azizah, M. S., Soemaryani, I., & Sartika, D. (2023). The Influence of Flexible Working Arrangement on Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Productive Behavior in Employees in Indonesian E-commerce Companies. AFEBI Management and Business Review (AMBR), 8(2). https://journal.afebi.org/index.php/ambr/article/view/764
Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2015). Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165 - 218. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju032
Budianto, E., & Purba, S. D. (2025). CRAFTING SATISFACTION –JOB CHARACTERISTICS, FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENTS, AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE IMPACT ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM WORKERS. Jurnal Akuntansi, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.25170/jak.v19i1.5615
Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C., & Larson, B. (2020). Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographic Flexibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 655-683. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3251
Crooney, L., Tootell, B., & Scott, J. (2025). Employee Experiences and Productivity in Flexible Work Arrangements: A Job Demands–Resources Model Analysis from New Zealand. Businesses, 5(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5030041
Darpin, Taufik, & Fikran, M. (2022). ANALISIS PENERAPAN HYBRID WORKING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS KOPERASI & UMKM PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA. Journal Publicuho, 5(4), 1415-1426. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i4.75
David, J., Adimasta, B., & Lataruva, E. (2025). Work-Life Balance: The Key to Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 9(1), 71-82. https://journal.lifescifi.com/index.php/art/article/view/647
Dwinugraha, E., & Lastiati, A. (2025). PENGARUH HYBRID WORKING PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DENGAN PEMEDIASI WORK LIFE BALANCE DAN MOTIVASI KERJA (STUDI PADA PEKERJA DI JAKARTA, BOGOR, TANGERANG). COSTING : Journal of Economic, Business, and Accounting, 8(1), 318-328. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v8i1.12175
Dzandu, M. D., Hatsu, S., & Cesare, S. D. (2023). Remote Working and Task Innovativeness – an Integrated Resource Based View and Antecedent-Behaviour-Consequence Perspective. Information System Frontiers, 27(2), 539-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-023-10452-z
Effiyaldi, E., Subroto, S., & Sakaria, M. (2025). Hybrid Working: Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Employee Performance in the Age of Flexible Working. Oikonomia : Journal of Management Economics and Accounting, 2(2), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.61942/oikonomia.v2i2.310
Egasmara, F., Sobandi, A., Rahayu, A., Wibowo, L. A., & Sofia, A. (2025). Analisis Kebijakan Flexible Working Arrangement terhadap Produktifitas Karyawan untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan (PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Internasional). Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 6(4), 3414-3430. https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v6i4.5365
Fadhila, A. A., & Wicaksana, L. (2020). SISTEMATIK REVIEW: FLEKSIBEL WORKING ARRANGEMENT (FWA) SEBAGAI PARADIGMA BARU ASN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19. Spirit Publik, 15(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v15i2.44542
Febriana, A., & Mujib, M. (2024). Increasing Productivity of Gen Z Employees: The Role of Flexible Work Arrangements and Participative Style. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2489
Febriani, A. W., Soetjipto, B. E., & Churiyah, M. (2023). Systematic Literature Review Dan Analisis Bibliometrik Pengaruh Work From Home (WFH) Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan. Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 6(3), 539-556. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v6i3.2402
Hanzis, A., & Hallo, L. (2024). The Experiences and Views of Employees on Hybrid Ways of Working. Administrative Sciences, 14(10), 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14100263
Hartner-Tiefenthaler, M., Zedlacher, E., & Clarke, S. (2023). Flexible working arrangements as privilege or entitlement? Type of access to flexible working arrangements shapes reciprocal beliefs and social exchange relationships in hybrid work teams. Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, 77, 666-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-023-00388-0
Hutama, J. K. P., & Suharnomo, S. (2023). Pengaruh Telework Terhadap Employee Perfomance Melalui Mediasi Work-Life Balance dan Technostress Syaria Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 3006-3016. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.9850
Ismail, S. R., & Michael, F. L. (2023). Systematic Review of Flexible Work Arrangements Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i11/19371
Khoirunnisa, S. A., Sukoco, I., & Auliana, L. (2025). The Effect of Flexible Working Arrangements on Employee Performance: A Survey in Multi-Brand Virtual Kitchen Companies. Image: Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 13(1), 32-41. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/image/article/view/82316/pdf
Khorakian, A., Jahangir, M., Rahi, S., Eslami, G., & Muterera, J. (2023). Remote working and work performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of remote work satisfaction, digital literacy, and cyberslacking. Behaviour & Information Technology, 43(10), 1938-1956. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2235026
Kohont, A. (2025). Organisational Support of Sustainable Hybrid Work: Between Homely Workspace and the Need for Live Cooperation. Sustainability, 17(6), 2494. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062494
Kurniawan, A. A., & Nugroho, Y. A. B. (2024). PENGARUH SISTEM KERJA HYBRID TERHADAP JOB SATISFACTION DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI MEDIASI STUDI PADA KARYAWAN SWASTA YANG BERPROFESI SEBAGAI DIGITAL MARKETING OFFICER DI JAKARTA SELATAN. Prosiding Working Papers Series In Management, 16(2), 180-191. https://doi.org/10.25170/wpm.v16i2.6526
Mahesti, T., & Firmansyah. (2025). Efektivitas Sistem Kerja Hybrid Dalam Meningkatkan Work-Life Balance Dan Produktivitas Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Startup. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (JAME), 1(3), 108-118. https://doi.org/10.69666/jame.v1i3.16
Maity, R., & Lee, K. L. (2025). The impact of remote and hybrid work models on small and Medium-sized enterprises productivity: a systematic literature review. SN Bus Econ 5, 5(158). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-025-00931-7
Manole, E. C., Curșeu, P. L., & Trif, S. R. (2025). The Differentiation–Integration Paradox of Hybrid Work: A Focus Group Exploration of Team and Individual Mechanisms. Administrative Sciences, 15(6), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15060201
McPhail, R., Chan, X. W., May, R., & Wilkinson, A. (2024). Post-COVID remote working and its impact on people, productivity, and the planet: an exploratory scoping review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(1), 154-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2221385
Mohamed, A. A. A., Mohamed, S. A., & Ebrahem, M. (2024). The remote revolution: assessing the impact of working from home on finance professionals. Future Business Journal, 10(94). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00345-1
Nainggolan, J. C. M., & Purba, S. D. (2024). ENHANCING GEN Z EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT THROUGH FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS, WORK-LIFE BALANCE, AND JOB SATISFACTION. Jurnal Manajemen, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.25170/jm.v21i2.6174
Nastiti, R., & Lisandri, L. (2022). Flexible Working Arrangement, Work-Life Balance dan Kinerja Pekerja Perempuan di Kota Banjarmasin di Tengah Pandemi. Jurnal Riset Inspirasi Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 6(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.35130/jrimk.v6i1.276
Nugraha, F. N., Aisha, A. N., & Suwarsono, L. W. (2025). Flexible Working Arrangement and Well-Being amongst Private University Employees: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System, 9(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v9i01.645
Onyekwelu, N. P., Monyei, F. E., & Muogbo, U. S. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements and Workplace Productivity: Examining The Nexus. International Journal of Financial Accounting and Management, 4(3), 303-314. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v4i3.1059
Petitta, L., & Ghezzi, V. (2025). Disentangling the Pros and Cons of Flexible Work Arrangements: Curvilinear Effects on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. Economies, 13(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13010020
Pradipta, H. A., & Martdianty, F. (2023). Effect of Flexible Working Arrangement on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Work Engagement and Supervisor Support in Indonesia Digital Startup. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis dan Manajemen (JABM) E-Journal, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.9.2.512
Rahayu, I., Sucipto, I., Lubis, F. M., & Machin, M. (2025). Dampak Penerapan Sistem Kerja Hybrid terhadap Produktivitas dan Efisiensi Biaya Perusahaan. Journal of Innovative and Creativity, 5(2), 11120-11125. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.1233
Ratono, Munanda, E., & Dwianto, A. S. (2024). PENGARUH FLEXIBLE WORKING ARRANGEMENT DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS: ANALISIS PADA KARYAWAN KCP BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA DI JAKARTA. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, 5(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v5i1.2597
Rina, R., Basalamah, I., & Abdullah, A. (2025). Enhancing Employee Commitment through Flexible Working Arrangements and Sustainable H.R. Practices in Indonesian Startups. MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN, 15(1), 233-246. https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jurnal_mix.2025.v15i1.014
Rizqi, A. R. (2022). Systematic Literature Review: Teleworking dan Kinerja Karyawan pada Era Pandemi. Jurnal Fenomena, 31(2), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.30996/fn.v31i2.7857
Stefanie, K., Suryani, E., & Maharani, A. (2020). Flexible Work Arrangement, Work Life Balance, Kepuasan Kerja, dan Loyalitas Karyawan Pada Situasi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 4(3), 1725-1750. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v4i3.666
Straus, E., Uhlig, L., Kühnel, J., & Korunka, C. (2023). Remote workers’ well-being, perceived productivity, and engagement: which resources should HRM improve during COVID-19? A longitudinal diary study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(15), 2960-2990. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2075235
Sultan, Z., Fachmi, M., & Klimko, R. (2024). Flexible Working Arrangement (FWA) Model: Reducing Congestion Levels and Work Stress and Increasing Work Productivity. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 15(2), 295-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/mb.v15i2.21578
Tasrin, K., Wahyuadianto, A., Pratiwi, P., & Masrully, M. (2021). Evaluation Study of the Implementation of Flexible Working Arrangement in Public Sector Organization during Covid-19 Pandemic. BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v28i3.1274
Wells, J., Scheibein, F., Pais, L., Santos, N. R. d., Dalluege, C. A., Czakert, J. P., & Berger, R. (2023). A Systematic Review of the Impact of Remote Working Referenced to the Concept of Work–Life Flow on Physical and Psychological Health. Workplace Health Saf, 71(11), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799231176397
Wijayati, S., & Pusparini, E. S. (2024). Pengaruh Flexible Working Arrangements, Supervisor Support dan Job Crafting terhadap Innovative Behavior Pekerja Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 15(1), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.33059/jseb.v15i1.7760
Yadav, P., & Bagri, K. (2025). Flexible work culture: prospects and trends through a bibliometric and systematic review. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, 4(2), 183-205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IRJMS-10-2024-0126
Yuniawan, A., Nasikh, & Franksiska, R. (2025). Navigating work and study: The interplay of time-spatial flexible work arrangements, workload, and work-life integration among undergraduate working students. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 23(2), 319-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(2).2025.22
Zulkarnaini, & Haholongan, R. (2025). DAMPAK WORK LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS SDM DI ERA HYBRID WORKING. SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 2(10), 4623-4629. https://doi.org/10.62335/sinergi.v2i10.1847
