Focus and Scope Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is published by Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is an open-access peer reviewed journal that aims to publish original articles on research and development in the field of engineering and applied science. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Renewable Energy & Thermofluids Material & Manufacturing Mechatronics, Robotics, & Optoelectronics Mechanical Design & Mechanism Industrial Engineering & Ergonomics Automotive Engineering Environmental Engineering Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin accepts manuscript submission from Indonesia and other countries around the world. Hence, all articles submitted to this journal can be written in Bahasa Indonesia or English Language. Peer Review Process All submitted manuscripts will be pre-reviewed by the editors to determine whether the manuscripts’ fit with the focus and scope of the Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, as well its conformal to the author guidelines. If the submitted manuscript complies with these criteria, the manuscript will be reviewed by at least one member of the Reviewer/Editorial Board without potential conflicts of interests via the double-blinded review system. Acceptance of the article depends on the recommendation from the reviewer(s). Constructive comments and notes from the reviewer(s) that might help to improve the quality of the manuscripts are passed on to the authors to amend their manuscripts accordingly. The Peer Review Process are governed using the Online Journal System (OJS) 3.0. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not allowed. Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin uses plagiarism detector software (Turnitin) to screen articles for plagiarism. The level of similarity index for the manuscript is expected to be less than 20%. The article sent should have never been published in any media and / or is not currently being considered for publication in any media. The author is fully responsible for the authenticity of the text sent. Publication Frequency Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is published twice a year, in April and October with a minimum of 5 articles for each edition. All issues of one year belong to the same volume. Open Access Policy Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is fully Open Access and provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. indexed by:
Department of Mechanical Engineering Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
Thermal Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Battery Packs under NEDC and WLTP Driving Cycles: A GT-Suite Simulation Study
This study examines the thermal behaviour of a LiFePO₄ battery pack in a converted electric vehicle using GT-Suite simulation. The base vehicle, a Toyota Avanza originally powered by a 1.3-litre engine, was retrofitted with a 60 kW synchronous AC motor and a 268.8 V, 40.32 kWh battery pack. Simulations were conducted under NEDC and WLTP driving cycles, both with and without passive cooling. Results showed that battery temperature peaked at 45.3°C (NEDC) and 71.6°C (WLTP) without cooling, and was reduced to 36.6°C and 48.0°C respectively with passive cooling. Temperature spikes coincided with rapid acceleration and high-speed phases, highlighting the influence of discharge current on battery heating. These findings demonstrate the importance of thermal management in EV conversions and the effectiveness of passive cooling. Future work will focus on experimental validation and discharge current control via a battery management system (BMS) to ensure battery safety and longevity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosua Setiawan, Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said, Adrian Sutjiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Robot Self-Balancing Berbasis LEGO Mindstorm EV3 Untuk Pembelajaran Robotika
Robotics education must be implemented effectively to develop students' conceptual understanding and technical competencies. One relevant approach involves the development of self-balancing robots as an exemplary platform that facilitates learning in mechanical design, control systems, and sensor programming. The success of this approach critically depends on the appropriate selection of both tools and methodologies. The LEGO Mindstorms EV3 platform is an ideal tool due to its assembly convenience, design flexibility, and seamless hardware-software integration for robotic development. Implementing a LEGO Mindstorms EV3-based self-balancing robot provides valuable learning opportunities in robotic control algorithms utilizing gyroscopic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors. This research work presents the design and implementation process of a LEGO Mindstorms EV3-based self-balancing robot as an innovative educational tool for robotics. The platform supports integrated mastery of theoretical concepts and technical skills, fostering comprehensive engineering and control systems learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christiand Christiand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Automatic Transmission Towards Converted Electric Vehicle : A GT-Suite Approach
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia, is driven by policy incentives such as road tax exemptions and relaxed traffic restrictions. This study investigates the feasibility and performance impact of integrating a stock automatic transmission into a converted internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, replacing the commonly used single gear or manual transmissions in typical EV conversions. Using GT-Suite simulation software, a detailed model of a converted Toyota Avanza was developed to evaluate key performance metrics including acceleration, top speed, driving range, and energy consumption. Simulation results indicate that integrating an automatic transmission improves acceleration performance, reducing the 0–100 km/h time by 0.7 seconds compared to a single-gear configuration. Although the top speed is mechanically limited by the transmission's maximum input speed, the vehicle achieved a marginally higher top speed (191.3 km/h) and reached it 1.8 seconds faster. During range simulations under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and constant highway driving at 100 km/h, the automatic transmission variant demonstrated a longer driving range—up to 7% farther—while also improving energy consumption from 8.55 km/kWh to 8.77 km/kWh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosua Setiawan, Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Maritime Industry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Its Implications for Operational Efficiency
This paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia's maritime industry, focusing on port operational efficiency. Using literature review and case analysis approaches, the study identifies port business processes, key stakeholders, and digital systems such as INAPORTNET, CEISA, TOS, VMS, Auto Gate, and STID. The readiness of AI adoption at Tanjung Priok Port is assessed based on indicators including technological infrastructure, operational automation, system integration, human resource competence, operational efficiency, and environmental impact. Findings indicate that while digitalization initiatives are ongoing, AI implementation remains at an early stage. Opportunities lie in productivity, safety, and sustainability improvements, while key challenges include digital infrastructure limitations, system integration issues, regulatory gaps, and human resource constraints. The paper concludes that a phased and collaborative strategy among the government, port operators, and industry players is essential to accelerate AI-driven digital transformation in the maritime sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marsellinus Bachtiar Wahju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rancang Bangun Alat Uji Kekuatan Material Polimer dan Komposit Polimer Berpenguat Serat Alam
Current engineering technology places great emphasis on efficient and energy-saving construction. Nowadays, research and development of engineering materials are more directed at relatively strong, stable and lightweight materials. Polymers and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of those that can meet these needs and are being researched. To achieve optimal results, the research must be supported by appropriate test equipment that can properly characterize the materials being developed. This research aims to design a mechanical and electrical tensile testing device especially for polymers and polymer composites. The research produced a prototype of a tensile testing device that has a maximum load capacity of 20.25 kN. The success of this research is proven by the strength of PMMA, which was tested using this device. The test results showed that PMMA has a tensile strength of about 58.2 and 60.7 MPa. This value is within the range of PMMA strength obtained from the literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Widodo Widjaja Basuki, Ferry Rippun G Manalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kebutuhan Banyaknya Titik Roof Outlet Pada Sistem Pemipaan
The JST 01 Data Center development project is located on Jl. Bidara Cina in the Jatinegara District, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. The MT. Haryono Data Center stands at an elevation of 65 meters above sea level and comprises 14 floors, divided into two work areas: Gantry and IX. Rainfall at the JST 01 Data Center project site is recorded at 318.5 mm/h, based on data processed from BMKG Kemayoran, Cengkareng, and Pondok Betung stations. The analysis follows the Singapore Standard SS 525-2006 Code of Practice for Roof Drainage. The building's total roof area is 2,128.43 m², necessitating 14 Roof Outlet points for the operation of the Siphonic Rainwater System. Of these, five Roof Outlets are allocated to the Gantry area, while nine are distributed across the IX area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fardhillah Adam Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMANTAUAN DAN PENGENDALIAN SUHU DAN KELEMBAPAN UDARA UNTUK TANAMAN TOMAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN WEMOS D1
Plant cultivation process is an important component in creating optimal harvest results. Those results can be affected by both air temperature and humidity in the plant’s environment. Traditional method for monitoring and controlling temperature and humidity consume a lot of time and energy. This Wemos D1 and ThingSpeak equipped monitoring and controlling system was made in order to make those works easier. The system uses air temperature and humidity sensor which will perform reading to the environment’s condition. Datas collected from the reading progress will be forwarded by Wemos D1 to ThingSpeak so it can be observed by users. Exhaust fan and mist maker will be used as controlling components for the environment. This system is expected to help in developing plant cultivation techniques.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karel Octavianus Bachri, Toby Wijaya, Theresia Ghozali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengembangan Sistem Kendali Mekanis Mobile Robot Menggunakan Roda Caster
A reliable control system is essential for the operation of a wheeled robot. A castor wheel is a robotic control device that enables the wheeled robot to navigate to various positions and orientations. One implementation method employs a servo motor to adjust the orientation of the castor wheel to a specific driving angle. The mechanism is robust, cost-effective, and simple to produce. This work demonstrates the development of a castor-wheel-based control mechanism utilizing a servo motor and the pure pursuit algorithm to determine the driving angle. The designated wheeled robot employs a BLDC motor as the primary actuator for its two main wheels. An experiment has been performed to assess the proposed control mechanism. The proposed control system achieved a position error of 0.228 m in the Y direction minimally and less than 1 m position error globally. This study presents mechanical, electrical, and software components.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penerapan Data Driven Decision Making dalam Perspektif Pemilik dan Operator Kapal
The maritime industry’s crucial role in the global economy is vital, serving as the lifeline for the distribution of commercial goods worldwide. Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM) in the maritime sector has the potential to be a game changer. By utilizing data obtained from sensors, communication tools, and integrated systems, operators can optimize fleets, improve fuel efficiency, and enhance maintenance scheduling. From the perspective of ship owners/operators, decisions regarding scheduling, operations, docking, and crew management are prioritized to ensure company profitability. Current business practices necessitate exploring the benefits of using DDDM in decision-making for ship owners/operators. The use of Big Data and DDDM approaches offers advantages such as cost efficiency and improved fleet performance. Data collection and analysis in the maritime sector include various methods, such as Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), weather data, and onboard sensor equipment. Implementing DDDM presents several challenges from the perspective of ship owners/operators, including data quality and availability, system integration, high implementation costs, regulatory compliance, and resistance to change.
Integration of Electric Drive Systems in ICE to EV Conversion: A GT-Suite Approach
This study was focus on converting internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) using GT-Suite simulations, focusing on the integration of electric drive system. With increasing global CO2 emissions, many nations aim to achieve carbon neutrality, making the shift to electrification crucial. While new battery electric vehicles (BEVs) produce significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the high costs associated with new EV production remain a barrier to widespread adoption. Thus, converting existing ICE vehicles into EVs emerges as a more cost-effective and environmentally beneficial strategy. Using Toyota Avanza as a base model, replacing the ICE with a Synchronous AC motor and a LiFePO4 battery pack. Simulation results indicate competitive performance, with a 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 14 seconds, a top speed of 190 km/h, and an estimated driving range of 310 km. This study demonstrates that ICE-to-EV conversions can accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation.
Analisis Penyebab Kecacatan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Seven Tools Pada Proses Perakitan Mesin Sepeda Motor
PT. SMT is a company that manufactures and distributes motorbikes. One of the main products assembled by PT. SMT is a 160 cc motorcycle engine. To improve the quality of the motorbike engine assembly process at PT. SMT, quality management based on the Seven Tools method has been performed. The check sheet analysis based on the production data from the January-July 2023 period shows that the most frequent quality issues in the engine assembly process are dirt on the cylinder inlet valve (64, 2%), followed by rust on the cylinder head (26.1%) and dirt on the gasket cover components for the cylinder head (9.8%). Root cause analysis using the Fishbone diagram finds that work environment factors including dirty workstations, equipment and components, as well as human factors are the main causes of product defects. From this analysis, the recommended improvements include implementing routine cleaning procedures for the work environment, equipment, and components, as well as providing additional training to improve operator competency and foster a better work culture.
Effective Solutions for Moving Objects in Acceleration Functions and Their Reflections Using Goen's Distance Formula
Goen's distance formula effectively calculates the distance from acceleration, which has a pattern as a symmetric function of time changes. In Goen's distance formula, where the acceleration function against time has a symmetric pattern, it can be solved simply by performing a total integral and multiplying it by half of the total time. Symmetric acceleration functions can be constructed by combining certain functions with their reflections. In this study, the method of proving Goen's distance formula is carried out mathematically using single and double-level average integrals of symmetric functions. The advantage of Goen's distance formula compared to the conventional distance formula is that in finding the distance traveled by an object moving with a symmetric acceleration function, it will be more effective because it is sufficient to perform an integral once compared to having to do two integrals as done in the conventional method.
Hygrothermal Effect on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Under Seawater Immersion
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) is extensively used for corrugated roofing sheets and gutters in Indonesia, especially in corrosive environments, due to its superior corrosion resistancecompared to steel. Despite its widespread application in coastal areas, limited studies have examined the durability of GFRP when exposed to seawater and heat. This research investigates the influence of hygrothermal conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of GFRP. Samples were immersed in seawater at temperatures of 30°C, 40°C, and 60°C for 3 and 6 months. Results show that hygrothermal exposure leads to degradation in physical but notmechanical properties. Physical properties were evaluated using mass gain measurements, hardness testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while mechanical properties were assessed via tensile testing.The result shown all specimen have increased mass up to 3,8% and decrease in hardnessup to 56%. SEM also shown several dark spot which indicatevoid. SEM analysis revealed the presence of dark spots, indicating void formation. These findings underscore the vulnerability of GFRP to hygrothermal conditions, raising concerns about its long-term durability in coastal applications.
Integrasi Plts pada Sistem Kelistrikan untuk Penyediaan Listrik di Desa Tanjung Kelumpang, Belitung Timur (Area Geosite Pantai Punai, Kawasan Geopark Belitung)
This research was carried out by developing simulation scenario for the integration of solar power plant into the existing electricity system in Tanjung Kelumpang Village (Punai Beach Area, Belitung Geopark Global Network) with an electricity load pattern at the location in the amount of 24.000 kWh/ day using HOMER software. The simulation scenario prepared is integrating solar power plant with 30% of the existing diesel power plant capacity (the diesel power plant capacity entering the system is 540 kW) and the PLN electricity network. The simulation and optimization results show that integrating solar power plant with 30% of the existing diesel power plant capacity and the PLN electricity network produces the most optimal value, with the number of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is Rp 1.173/ kWh and Net Present Cost (NPC) is Rp 1.788/ kWh. The integration of solar power plant into the existing electricity system of Tanjung Kelumpang village can be a solution for providing clean, environmentally friendly energy at competitive rates. The development direction of Bangka Belitung Province is currently experiencing a transition from mining based economy to sustainable tourism based economy. The integration of renewable energy generation from solar power plant in geosite area is considered to be able to create multiplier effects to achieve sustainable development goals in tourism sector. A number of methods must be encouraged and accelerated to achieve this, such as policy making, providing infrastructure, increasing human resource competency, cooperation and investment pattern, as well as active community involvement in the process.
Perancangan Sistem Filtrasi Air Berbasis Virtual Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) dan Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
In the industrial environment, automation technology is becoming increasingly vital for boosting process efficiency and dependability. Water filtration is one of the most essential industrial uses. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PLC virtual control systems in regulating and managing water filtration processes, and HMI provides an intuitive graphical interface for operators to monitor and control processes. The simulation in this study employs the integrated Virtual PLC Codesys Virtual Win V3 and HMI Aveva Intouch software. Turbidity sensors are used to confirm the clarity of water after it has been filtered. The results of this study demonstrate that using the virtual control system, PLC and HMI, can facilitate the operation and monitoring of water filtration.
Analisis Pengaruh Modifikasi Pressure Reducing Valve Terhadap Range Pressure Drop Aliran Uap
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) is a control valve designed to reduce upstream pressure to downstream pressure on fluid flow. When operating, a PRV is in an equilibrium condition because of the forces acting on it, such as fluid resultant force, membrane force, and spring force. On some working conditions, a PRV cannot operate because the equilibrium is unattainable by the spring that deflects further than the maximum allowable limit and unable to produce force balancing out other forces. Therefore, a modification on the spring wire diameter from 17 mm to 20 mm is conducted without altering other PRV parts dimension and geometry. The modified spring will be analysed through analytical analysis and simulation analysis with Ansys software. On the same working conditions with the enlargement of the spring wire diameter, the deflection that once was 99,28 mm decreases to 42,64 mm and does not exceed the maximum limit at 74,375 mm so the PRV can operate on said condition and the pressure drop range increases from 7 bar to 9 bar.
Friction Stir Welding pada Paduan Aluminium 6061 dan HDPE menggunakan Mesin Frais
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding method that is very simple, cheap, and in principle only requires equipment to rotate the tool and move the workpiece translationally. In this research, it was demonstrated that the FSW process of aluminum alloy 6061 and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer is possible using a vertical milling machine, however, modifications need to be made to make it possible to regulate the pressure applied by the milling machine through the tool shoulder to the surface of the workpiece. Apart from that, it was also known that for each material undergoing the FSW process, it is necessary to determine the right parameter set which is a combination of rotational speed and tool feed speed to obtain optimal welding results. Too high a tool rotation speed can cause high lifting forces which can produce large porosity in the workpiece. For the HDPE FSW process, too high a tool rotation speed, which is not balanced with the increase in feed speed will provide excessive heat, causing depressions on the surface of the nugget zone.
Peluang Penerapan Desain Thinking di Industri Maritim Studi Kasus : Pencarian Jasa Docking
The ship maintenance industry is one of the maritime sectors that supports the economy, where ships are required by regulations to dry dock periodically for repairs and maintenance to ensure their seaworthiness. From the shipowner's perspective, the need is to find a dry dock that meets both technical and economic requirements. Innovations in business processes and drydocking business models have seen various improvements, particularly in the use of technology, automation, and operational efficiency. The implementation of Design Thinking in the maritime industry is widely open, although there are challenges in its adoption, especially due to entrenched business practices and the complexity of meeting dry dock requirements. The results obtained from the observation of the implementation efforts indicate that there are opportunities for the application of new innovations in the maritime industry. This is attributed to the openness towards new technologies and business processes, especially among the next-generation leaders of companies, who belong to the millennial or Gen Z cohorts.
Analytical Simulation of Linear Comparison of Temperature Changes Versus Time in the Heat Equilibrium Process of Mixing Two Liquids
The explanation of the concept of entropy which explains that the increase in disorder in a closed system that works in advancing time comes from the second Law of Thermodynamics. In its development, Law of Thermodynamics 2 was enriched by the presence of Law of Thermodynamics 2.1 which states that the average entropy process in the forward direction will be the same or smaller than in the backward direction. The meaning of the entropy averaging process in the backward direction is that the entropy averaging process is in the forward direction but works on a heat function that mirrors the previous one, namely the heat function over time in the forward direction. Furthermore, by utilizing the Law of Thermodynamics 2.1, the results of analytical simulations can be seen comparing the level of linearity of changes in temperature over time in the process of heat flow towards thermal equilibrium in the mixing of two liquids. The results of this analytical comparison show one of the benefits of developing the second Law of Thermodynamics, namely Law of Thermodynamics 2.1.
Entropy; Thermodynamics; Temperature; Heat Equilibrium.
Rancang Bangun Alat Kompres Demam Digital Suhu Hangat
In this research, a digital fever compress device based on Arduino Uno was designed, utilizing warm temperature as a method for fever management. The device is equipped with a temperature sensor DHT, liquid crystal display (LCD), relay, and cartridge heater to create precise and controlled warm temperatures. The objective of this research is to design a digital fever compress device capable of generating warm temperatures ranging from 37.5°C to 42°C using Arduino Uno as the main microcontroller. The design process involved creating a model of temperature and tension equations, where the influential variables include ambient temperature, upper limit, and lower limit. Result shows the difference of the temperature values over time with the overall standard deviation of 1.4894, 1.6480, and 1.6217 and the overall standard deviation of the maxima and minima of 0.8085. The test results also indicated outcomes beyond the limits due to the large sampling time.
Pengembangan Lapisan Komposit 3YSZ - AL2O3 Pada Substrat Inconel Dengan Metode Electrophoretic Deposition
Nickel-based alloys, known as superalloys, exhibit high resistance to oxidation and slow deformation at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for aircraft and gas turbine applications. However, corrosion remains a challenge at temperatures exceeding 800◦C. One solution is to coat the metal with heat-resistant layers such as YSZ and Al2O3 ceramics. Previous research indicates that adding Al2O3 above 30% has a negative impact. Therefore, a study was conducted to explore coatings with 10% and 20% Al2O3 compositions using electrophoretic deposition method at voltages of 20V, 40V, and 60V on an Inconel substrate. The study found that the 20% Al2O3 coating had a porosity of 26% and a maximum hardness of 105.64 HV at 20V voltage.
Production and Performance Test of Biodiesel Produced from Waste Cooking Oil
Biodiesel has become an important source as a subtitution fuel for diesel engines. As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, it is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing fossil fuel reserves and the environment consequeness of exhaust gases from petroleum fuelled engines therefore, it needs to be further investigated how biodiesel blend percentage could affect the performance and emission of diesel engine. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one of the raw material for Biodiesel. WCO that has been converted into biodiesel is made using esterification and transesterification methods. Then, biodiesel is mixed until it has the composition of B20, B30 and B50. The mixture is then tested for performance and emissions. In testing, B30 did not have a significant decrease in performance but the emission test results (opacity) were higher than B20. B50 has a significant decrease in performance when compared to B20, but has the lowest opacity test results.
A Preliminary Result of Standing Posture Anthropometry of Indonesia Male Workers in Jakarta
This paper presents a preliminary result of anthropometric data of 30 males Indonesian industry workers. For this preliminary results, 16 dimensions in the standing posture were presented. For each dimension, the summary of mean, SD and percentile (5 and 95) were calcaluted which are useful as the basis for the design of products, machines and equipments. The data in this study were compared with those from previous studies i.e Norwegia, Nigeria and India. From data comparisons, Indonesian workers are shorter than those of other nationalities from Norwegia and Nigeria. Meanwhile, anthropometric characteristics of Indonesian workers were found to be similar with India workers. As for application, anthropometric data could be used as the basis to determine the proper dimensions of equipments and machines to be used by workers. Furthermore, the results could become a benchmark for other countries targeting products and machinery for Indonesia market.
Copyright (c) 2023 Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Gangguan Pada Sistem Gardu Listrik Berbasis Gas Insulated Switchgear 150 kV Dengan Metode High Voltage Test
The insulator system in substations is essential in maintaining safety and efficiency in electricity transmission and distribution lines. The purpose of this research is to conduct High Voltage tests to check possible malfunctions in a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in a 150 kV substation following IEC standard 62271-203. Insulation Resistance (IR) measurement results for components in the GIS system show that the system still has high insulation resistance for the R, S, and T phases. High voltage testing results for the three-phase Gas Insulated Switchgear also did not exhibit current leakage, meaning the system still operates satisfactorily.
Kajian Material ASME SA-533 Dengan Standar ASME Section VIII Divisi 2 Pada Bejana Tekan Amine Gas Treatment
The oil and gas sector is one of the main sectors for the Indonesian economy. To get good gas, there is a natural gas separation process through Amine Gas Treating/Acid Gas Treating using a pressure vessel. However, the condition of FPSOs located offshore makes them face various environmental burdens. This research aims to examine the substitution of pressure vessel material design using ASME SA-533 Type E Class 2 (P-No. 3) material for sour gas service with the same design parameters. Material design was carried out using PV Elite. The results show that there are chemical and mechanical differences between the ASME SA-516 Gr-70 material and the ASME SA-533 Type E Class 2 material. The same thing can also be seen in the efficiency of the material elements, which consist of shell thickness, bottom head, upper head , and the weight of the pressure vessel shows that the ASME SA-533 Type E Class 2 material is more efficient than the ASME SA-516 Gr-70 material. SA 533-Type E material shows results in pressure vessel weight savings with an estimate of 44.7% and total material price savings of 44.40%. Material substitution certainly not only has an impact on the efficiency of pressure vessel weight, but also has an impact on reducing operational costs used to support production processes in the oil and gas industry.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Octane Booster Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Kendaraan Roda Empat
Due to increasing fuel prices, most people in Indonesia choose to use fuel with an octane rating of 90. However, using fuel with a lower Research Octane Rating or RON can affect the performance and efficiency of vehicle engines, especially if the compatibility between fuel octane and the engine's compression ratio is neglected. One solution to this problem is adding an octane booster to RON-90 gasoline to resemble gasoline with an octane rating of 92. The purpose of this research is to conduct an experimental study to see the effect of using a commercially available octane booster on the fuel consumption of a multi-purpose vehicle with an engine capacity of 1500 cc. Fuel consumption testing was performed using a road test based on the full-to-full method. The measurement results show that using an octane booster in RON -90 gasoline can reduce vehicle fuel consumption by 6.82%. However, the decrease in fuel consumption is still less compared to vehicles using RON-92 gasoline. Economic analysis found that using an octane booster in a motorcar could be a cost-efficient alternative to a more expensive RON-92 petrol.
Perancangan Model Excavator dengan Penggerak Hydraulic Syringe Menggunakan Remote Control IoT
Jurnal ini membahas tentang perancangan prototipe dari excavator dengan sistem penggerak lengan excavator menggunakan sistem hidrolik yang diterapkan menggunakan syringe. Perkembangan dalam dunia industri dan teknologi telah menuntut penggunaan mesin produksi yang mudah dikendalikan dan memiliki keakuratan maupun kekuatan yang sesuai. Sistem tenaga fluida adalah salah satu jenis sistem yang bekerja dengan memanfaatkan fluida gas maupun cair untuk melakukan transmisi gaya, sistem tersebut memiliki sensitivitas dan kekuatan yang baik untuk membantu kerja sebuah mesin secara mekanis Sistem tenaga fluida yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjenis hidrolik sederhana yang memanfaatkan air sebagai fluida kerja, sedangkan sistem kontrol akan dirancang dengan memanfaatkan perangkat ESP 32 dan server milik Blynk. Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan yaitu hidrolik pada lengan pertama (Boom) mampu menarik beban hingga 2,55 N, hidrolik pada lengan tengah (Arm) mampu menarik beban hingga 2,5 N, hidrolik ketiga menunjukkan bahwa bucket mampu menarik beban hingga 1,4 N.
Analisa Kerusakan Bantalan Pada Boiler Feedwater Pump
The sliding bearing is an essential component in a centrifugal pump to withstand the loads and forces during the operation of the pump. Damage to the plain bearing component can decrease pump performance and cause further damage to other components. This research aims to analyze the damage that occurs to the bearing used in a boiler feedwater pump and determine the cause of the damage. The analysis was carried out by observing the forms of damage to the Babbitt layer on the bearing, identifying potential failures using the Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, and establishing the root cause of the failure using the fishbone diagram. The analysis results show that the leading cause of damage to the bearing for the boiler feedwater pump is the bulk loss of the babbitt layer on the bearings.
Kajian Sistem Tata Udara pada Proses Tableting di Industri Farmasi
Sistem tata udara memegang peranan penting dalam industri farmasi. Hal ini disebabkan karena untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan tempat pembuatan produk, memastikan produksi obat yang sesuai standar sehingga mengurangi resiko material terkontaminasi, memberikan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman bagi pekerja. Untuk menentukan jenis dan kapasitas Air Handling Unit (AHU) di pabrik farmasi sehingga tidak menyebabkan pemborosan energi dan biaya, diperlukan perhitungan beban pendinginan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkaji jumlah supply air yang diperlukan untuk pengkondisian temperatur dan Relative Humidity (RH) pada sistem tata udara untuk bagian pembuatan tablet di pabrik farmasi. Berdasarkan standar yang ada, supply air flow yang diperlukan untuk ruang Mixing adalah 1724,4 Cubic Meter per Hour (CMH), untuk ruang Tablet Press sebesar 1838,8 CMH, untuk ruang Primary Packaging adalah 2483,136 CMH dan ruang Weighing adalah 508,4 CMH. Selain itu, supply air flow sangat dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan tekanan differential yang dibutuhkan untuk kondisi clean room dan kondisi kebersihan dari filter di jalur supply air.
Design and Implementation of Two-Axis Solar Tracker
Makalah ini membahas perancangan dan implementasi sistem penggerak panel surya 2 sumbu dengan menggunakan motor servo yang dikendalikan oleh mikrokontroler arduino uno, sistem ini bekerja berdasarkan masukan sensor LDR sebanyak empat buah yang dipasang pada masing-masing sisi panel surya dan satu buah yang dipasang di tengah modul solar panel tersebut.Sensor LDR pun dihubungkan pada mikrokontroller yang akan mengolah masukkan yang diberikan menjadi keluaran tegangan kepada motor servo.Motor servo yang dipakai diperancangan alat ini sebanyak dua buah yang akan meggerakkan panel surya menuju arah vertical dan horizontal. Pengujian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap seperti pengujian hasil yang didapatkan oleh panel surya dengan berbagai kondisi,pengujian sensor cahaya dan pengujian keseluruhan.Sehingga mendapatkan hasil yang cukup baik dan memuaskan,kedua motor servo dapat bergerak menerima hasil keluaran yang diberikan oleh mikrokontroller dan kelima sensor LDR dapat menerima cahaya matahari dan mendeteksi arah cahaya matahari secara cukup baik sehingga perancangan alat mendapatkan hasil keseluruhan secara cukup baik. Hasil keseluruhan daya yang didapat secara maksimal oleh panel surya sebanyak 12V yang akan bergerak mengikuti arah cahaya matahari.