Focus and Scope Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is published by Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Bioscience, Technology, and Innovation, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is an open-access peer reviewed journal that aims to publish original articles on research and development in the field of engineering and applied science. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Renewable Energy & Thermofluids Material & Manufacturing Mechatronics, Robotics, & Optoelectronics Mechanical Design & Mechanism Industrial Engineering & Ergonomics Automotive Engineering Environmental Engineering Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin accepts manuscript submission from Indonesia and other countries around the world. Hence, all articles submitted to this journal can be written in Bahasa Indonesia or English Language. Peer Review Process All submitted manuscripts will be pre-reviewed by the editors to determine whether the manuscripts’ fit with the focus and scope of the Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, as well its conformal to the author guidelines. If the submitted manuscript complies with these criteria, the manuscript will be reviewed by at least one member of the Reviewer/Editorial Board without potential conflicts of interests via the double-blinded review system. Acceptance of the article depends on the recommendation from the reviewer(s). Constructive comments and notes from the reviewer(s) that might help to improve the quality of the manuscripts are passed on to the authors to amend their manuscripts accordingly. The Peer Review Process are governed using the Online Journal System (OJS) 3.0. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not allowed. Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin uses plagiarism detector software (Turnitin) to screen articles for plagiarism. The level of similarity index for the manuscript is expected to be less than 20%. The article sent should have never been published in any media and / or is not currently being considered for publication in any media. The author is fully responsible for the authenticity of the text sent. Publication Frequency Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is published twice a year, in April and October with a minimum of 5 articles for each edition. All issues of one year belong to the same volume. Open Access Policy Cylinder: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin is fully Open Access and provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. indexed by:
Department of Mechanical Engineering Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
Path-Planning Module for Tricycle Mobile Robot
The path planning module is essential for the navigation of autonomous systems. This research aims to develop a path-planning module in Python programming language using the A* algorithm in conjunction with V-REP software which is used to simulate the path-planning outcome. The A* algorithm is used in this research to implement path-planning for a tricycle mobile robot. Both simulated and physical studies were performed to evaluate the module's performance. In the experiments, inputs of velocity and steering angle are given to the mobile robot at every period as obtained from the simulation regression. The discrepancy between the simulated and physical experimental results was attributed to the inertia force acting on the robot and other factors. The steering angle dominance on a mobile robot also affects the final position of the robot.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tommy Tommy, Christiand Christiand, Frederikus Wenehenubun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Simulation of Battery Cooling Methods in a Converted Automatic Transmission Electric Vehicle
This study investigates the thermal behaviour of a converted electric vehicle battery pack under the NEDC and WLTP driving cycles using GT-Suite simulation. The results show that driving conditions significantly influence battery temperature. Under the NEDC cycle, the peak temperature reached 61°C without cooling, which decreased to 50.7°C with passive cooling and 30.1°C with active cooling. In contrast, the more demanding WLTP cycle produced higher thermal stress, with peak temperatures of 75.7°C without cooling and 66.5°C with passive cooling, while active cooling reduced it to 38°C. The findings indicate that rapid acceleration and high-speed operation increase discharge currents, leading to higher heat generation. Although passive cooling reduces thermal stress, it is insufficient to maintain safe operating temperatures under dynamic conditions, whereas active cooling provides effective thermal control. This study highlights the importance of battery thermal management in EV conversions and demonstrates the effectiveness of simulation tools for early-stage thermal evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yosua Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Non-Linear Function Model Approach for Temperature Changes in Liquid Mixing Using Goen’s Entropy Law
The Second Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Entropy, explains that the level of disorder or entropy will continue to increase in a closed system operating in forward time. Along with its development, a further concept emerged called the Second Law of Thermodynamics Point One (2.1) or Goen's Law of Entropy. This law states that the average entropy in a process in the forward direction is always smaller than the average entropy in the backward direction. The backward average entropy process is the opposite of the forward average entropy, which works on the heat function to reflect the forward process. Applying Goen's Law of Entropy, a non-linear model based on the function of time can be created that describes the change in temperature of the combination of two liquids, starting from the initial conditions before mixing to reaching thermal equilibrium in a closed container. The results of this non-linear exponential modeling in mixing two liquids prove the importance of Goen's Law of Entropy as a development of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, with significant benefits in explaining the phenomenon of heat transfer and the process towards equilibrium.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stephanus Goenawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Off-Grid Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: The Effect of Light Intensity on Power Output, Voltage, and Current
As technological development advances and global population growth continues to elevate energy demand, the persistent dependence on fossil fuels underscores the urgent need to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy technologies. This study investigates the performance characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) module operating within an off-grid solar power system (PLTS), with emphasis on quantifying the effects of solar irradiance on output power, voltage, and current. The experiment was conducted over a 12-hour period (06:00– 18:00), during which operational parameters were recorded at one-hour intervals. The PV module employed is a polycrystalline unit with an effective surface area of 0.00759 m² and nominal maximum ratings of 1.1 W, 0.22 A, and 5 V. Results indicate that increases in irradiance lead to proportional increases in power output and voltage, whereas the current remains relatively stable, exhibiting only minor variation within the 0.1–0.2 A range. These findings provide insights into the irradiance-dependent behavior of small-scale off-grid PV systems and contribute to improved performance assessment under real-world operating conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Filian Arbiyani, William Aristo Kurniawan, Rudy Eduard, Djoko Setyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Infill Density Effects on Impact Strength of PLA+
3D printing is an additive manufacturing method. In its process, several parameters can be adjusted to achieve the desired printing results. This study examines the effect of infill percentage on the Charpy impact strength of PLA+ materials made using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The specimens used follow the ISO 179-1 type 1 standard without notches and are made with infill variations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Each variation is tested five times using a JB-S300 Charpy impact tester. The absorbed energy is then calculated into the Charpy impact strength (kJ/m²) according to the ISO 179-1 standard. The results show that the impact strength increases with increasing infill, from 10.9 kJ/m² at 20% infill to 30.4 kJ/m² at 100% infill. These results emphasize the effect of infill on energy absorption and the importance of parameter control to improve the consistency of results in FDM printed PLA+ components.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adrian Sutjiadi, Yosua Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Input Energy of Micro-Plasma Arc Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of DIN 2311 Steel Joints
Molds are important components in the plastic injection molding processes. Even though molds are generally made of strong and heat-resistant steel, but when used repeatedly and continuously, the mold will also experience damage such as scratches and dents caused by dynamic thermal and mechanical loading. Making new molds requires very high costs. Mold repairs using traditional welding such as laser welding and Tungsten Inert Gas welding, apart from requiring relatively high costs, also require sophisticated skills. This problem can be overcome with Micro-Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW). With this welding method, the process of melting the material and filler is concentrated at one point which prevents the spread of excess heat to the parent material. Welding on DIN 2311 low alloy steel, which is often chosen as a plastic molding material, was carried out with weld energies of 120, 132 and 144 J. The welding results were tested to determine the microstructure evolution, hardness distribution and strength values ​​of each specimen. From the test results of materials processed through MPAW, it can be concluded that the specimen produced with a weld energy of 132 J has the most optimal microstructure and hardness distribution so that it can have strength equivalent to the strength of the original material before welding, with relatively high ductility as proven by its ability to perform plastic deformation of 7.8% or just 3.2% lower than the ability of the original material.
Copyright (c) 2025 Richard Shan Yota, Widodo Widjaja Basuki, Ferry Rippun Gideon Manalu, Sandra Octaviani B. Widiarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Beban Poros dan Material Bantalan Terhadap Temperatur Dan Energi Hilang pada Sistem Mekanis Dengan Pelumas Nabati
Dalam sistem mekanis, bantalan luncur sering mengalami gesekan yang terus-menerus, yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan peningkatan suhu dan hilangnya energi. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi dampak tersebut adalah dengan memilih material bantalan yang tepat dan menggunakan pelumas yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana variasi beban poros dan jenis material bantalan memengaruhi kenaikan temperatur dan energi yang hilang, dengan menggunakan pelumas berbasis minyak nabati. Tiga jenis material diuji, yaitu kuningan, besi cor, dan bronze, masing-masing diuji pada beban 5 kg, 10 kg, dan 15 kg. Pengujian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan mencatat perubahan suhu dan menghitung energi gesek yang terjadi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar beban poros, semakin tinggi pula kenaikan suhu dan energi yang hilang. Di antara ketiga material, bronze terbukti paling stabil dalam menghadapi perubahan suhu, sementara besi cor mengalami peningkatan temperatur paling tinggi. Pelumas nabati mampu memberikan performa pelumasan yang cukup baik, terutama saat dipadukan dengan material yang memiliki konduktivitas panas tinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemilihan kombinasi material dan pelumas yang tepat untuk menjaga efisiensi sistem serta mendukung penerapan teknologi yang lebih berkelanjutan.
Copyright (c) 2026 hes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengembangan dan Implementasi Sistem Ekstrusi 3D Printing Material Silicone Rubber
Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan dan implementasi sistem ekstrusi 3D printing untuk material silicone rubber. Material silicone rubber adalah salah satu material potensial untuk aplikasi di bidang robotika lunak untuk pembuatan komponen sensor atau aktuator elastis. Namun demikian, teknik manufakturnya masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi dan mengintegrasi sistem 3D printer 3 axis dan sistem injeksi satu syringe pump untuk mencetak material silicone rubber. Pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi tipe dorongan injeksi dan variasi kecepatan dorong. Dari hasil pengujian, didapatkan tingkat akurasi dimensi hasil cetak objek dan tipe dorongan dorong henti secara berulang dengan kecepatan konstan pada kecepatan dorong 15 atau 0,51 mm/s dan kecepatan cetak 25 mm/s memiliki tingkat akurasi dan dimensi paling baik dengan dimensi sumbu X sebesar 115,78 mm, sumbu Y sebesar 26,02 mm, dan sumbu Z sebesar 0,99 mm serta akurasi 98,2 %.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marten Darmawan, Damian Matthew Aditya, Djoko Setyanto, Arka Dwinanda Soewono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Pemasangan Suction Pre-Filter Terhadap Konsumsi Suction Main-Filter Dan Konsumsi Listrik Pada Centrifugal Kompresor IHI T2A200 – H di Pabrik PT. XYZ
Kompresor udara menyumbang sebagian besar energi yang dikonsumsi, dimana energi tersebut merupakan konsumsi listrik yang digunakan untuk menjalankan kompresor dan biaya perawatannya, salah satunya adalah biaya konsumsi suction filter. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perbaikan terus menerus untuk menekan biaya operasional pabrik, salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengurangi konsumsi suction filter melalui modifikasi penambahan suction pre-filter dan diperoleh konsumsi listrik kompresor yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah dengan memvariasikan antara suction pre-filter (modifikasi filter) dan suction main-filter (original filter) sebagai parameter independent dibandingkan dengan Aliran Udara (m3/jam), Arus (A) dan daya motor (kW) sebagai parameter dependent. Dianalisis untuk mendapatkan nilai yang paling optimal. Suction pre-filter dapat memperpanjang masa pakai suction main-filter dari masa pakai sebelumnya yaitu 2160 jam menjadi 8640 jam. Jadi presentase kenaikannya sebesar 300%, melebihi target biaya Perusahaan sebesar 30%, dan juga menurunkan biaya listrik.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roni Eko Yuwono, Djoko Setyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Accuracy and Flexibility: Comparison of Conventional and Continuous Methods in Measuring the Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Metals
This study compares two methods for measuring the coefficient of linear expansion of metals: the Conventional (Discrete) Method and the New (Continuous) Method, focusing on effectiveness, accuracy, and flexibility. Thermal expansion is a crucial phenomenon in materials engineering, and the coefficient of linear expansion is crucial for predicting metal behavior under temperature variations to prevent structural failure. The historically dominant Discrete Method (MD) relies on the linearity assumption and fundamentally requires an initial length (L0) as an absolute reference. This dependence limits flexibility in dynamic experimental situations, where subsequent measurements must reference the original L0. With the development of numerical calculus, the Continuous Method (MC) was developed based on the differential principle, where the coefficient of linear expansion can be calculated from infinitesimal changes in length and temperature without requiring an explicit L0. This approach allows measurements from any point, making it more adaptable for incremental testing. Through numerical simulations on five metals, this study evaluates both methods in two scenarios: an initial measurement of the coefficient of linear expansion and the flexibility of measurements from different temperatures. The results show that both methods produce very close linear expansion coefficient values when measured from the same initial conditions. However, MK proved much more adaptive and efficient, consistently producing valid linear expansion coefficient values without being tied to the original L0. MK can use the length data available at that time as a starting point for subsequent measurements, in contrast to MD, whose results become inconsistent if not referenced to L0. This flexibility of MK is particularly relevant for dynamic material testing and advanced experiments where initial conditions may not always be known or may change. This study presents scientific justification and practical guidance for adopting MK as a more flexible alternative in the thermal characterization of modern materials.
Copyright (c) 2025 Stephanus Ivan Goenawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Failure Analysis of Electric Motorcycle Battery Safety and Protection: A Case Study of the Tranship 1 Ferry Fire Incident
The adoption of electric motorcycles in Indonesia has seen rapid growth, driven by the push toward a sustainable energy transition. However, battery safety remains a significant concern, particularly with Lithium-ion and Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) battery types. This study aims to analyze the failure mechanisms behind a fire incident on the passenger motor vessel (KMP) Tranship 1, which was allegedly triggered by a Lithium-ion battery from an electric motorcycle lacking an adequate protection system. The analysis employs Fishbone Diagrams and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), drawing on data from field case studies, evaluations of protection systems in locally manufactured electric motorcycles, and a review of relevant technical literature. The root cause analysis using the Fishbone Diagram identifies several contributing factors to fire risk, including improper usage and charging practices, inadequate transportation methods, extreme environmental conditions, and equipment failure. Findings from the Fault Tree Analysis highlight the critical role of safety components such as fuses, circuit breakers, and ventilation systems in preventing battery-related fires or explosions in electric vehicles. Based on these findings, the study recommends the implementation of multilayered protection systems, the use of standardized chargers, and the development of national regulations aligned with international safety standards. The incorporation of a Battery Management System (BMS) is also strongly recommended to enhance battery safety and reliability.
Copyright (c) 2025 R. Hanggoro Ananta Khrisna, Yanto, Arka Dwinanda Soewono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experimental Study on Retrofitting a 110cc Honda Beat into a Plug-in Hybrid Motorcycle
The conversion of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) motorcycles into plug-in hybrids is a practical solution for improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions in two-wheeled vehicles. This study aims to present the design of an electric motor powertrain for plug-in hybrids, as well as to measure fuel efficiency and estimate the potential annual reduction in CO₂ emissions. Fuel efficiency testing was conducted through an on-road test using an urban driving scenario. The results showed that converting a 2018 Honda Beat motorcycle to a plug-in hybrid improved fuel efficiency by 21.4%, as indicated by an increased travel distance of 36 km. This improvement in fuel efficiency has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions by 110.1 kg per year for a single converted motorcycle. Currently, the cost of converting a motorcycle to a plug-in hybrid is IDR 15,950,000. This cost is still higher compared to the incentives currently available from the government, making it a major obstacle in attracting public interest.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hari Budianto, Yanto, Arka Dwinanda Soewono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thermal Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Battery Packs under NEDC and WLTP Driving Cycles: A GT-Suite Simulation Study
This study examines the thermal behaviour of a LiFePO₄ battery pack in a converted electric vehicle using GT-Suite simulation. The base vehicle, a Toyota Avanza originally powered by a 1.3-litre engine, was retrofitted with a 60 kW synchronous AC motor and a 268.8 V, 40.32 kWh battery pack. Simulations were conducted under NEDC and WLTP driving cycles, both with and without passive cooling. Results showed that battery temperature peaked at 45.3°C (NEDC) and 71.6°C (WLTP) without cooling, and was reduced to 36.6°C and 48.0°C respectively with passive cooling. Temperature spikes coincided with rapid acceleration and high-speed phases, highlighting the influence of discharge current on battery heating. These findings demonstrate the importance of thermal management in EV conversions and the effectiveness of passive cooling. Future work will focus on experimental validation and discharge current control via a battery management system (BMS) to ensure battery safety and longevity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosua Setiawan, Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said, Adrian Sutjiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Robot Self-Balancing Berbasis LEGO Mindstorm EV3 Untuk Pembelajaran Robotika
Robotics education must be implemented effectively to develop students' conceptual understanding and technical competencies. One relevant approach involves the development of self-balancing robots as an exemplary platform that facilitates learning in mechanical design, control systems, and sensor programming. The success of this approach critically depends on the appropriate selection of both tools and methodologies. The LEGO Mindstorms EV3 platform is an ideal tool due to its assembly convenience, design flexibility, and seamless hardware-software integration for robotic development. Implementing a LEGO Mindstorms EV3-based self-balancing robot provides valuable learning opportunities in robotic control algorithms utilizing gyroscopic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors. This research work presents the design and implementation process of a LEGO Mindstorms EV3-based self-balancing robot as an innovative educational tool for robotics. The platform supports integrated mastery of theoretical concepts and technical skills, fostering comprehensive engineering and control systems learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christiand Christiand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Automatic Transmission Towards Converted Electric Vehicle : A GT-Suite Approach
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia, is driven by policy incentives such as road tax exemptions and relaxed traffic restrictions. This study investigates the feasibility and performance impact of integrating a stock automatic transmission into a converted internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, replacing the commonly used single gear or manual transmissions in typical EV conversions. Using GT-Suite simulation software, a detailed model of a converted Toyota Avanza was developed to evaluate key performance metrics including acceleration, top speed, driving range, and energy consumption. Simulation results indicate that integrating an automatic transmission improves acceleration performance, reducing the 0–100 km/h time by 0.7 seconds compared to a single-gear configuration. Although the top speed is mechanically limited by the transmission's maximum input speed, the vehicle achieved a marginally higher top speed (191.3 km/h) and reached it 1.8 seconds faster. During range simulations under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and constant highway driving at 100 km/h, the automatic transmission variant demonstrated a longer driving range—up to 7% farther—while also improving energy consumption from 8.55 km/kWh to 8.77 km/kWh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosua Setiawan, Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Maritime Industry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Its Implications for Operational Efficiency
This paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia's maritime industry, focusing on port operational efficiency. Using literature review and case analysis approaches, the study identifies port business processes, key stakeholders, and digital systems such as INAPORTNET, CEISA, TOS, VMS, Auto Gate, and STID. The readiness of AI adoption at Tanjung Priok Port is assessed based on indicators including technological infrastructure, operational automation, system integration, human resource competence, operational efficiency, and environmental impact. Findings indicate that while digitalization initiatives are ongoing, AI implementation remains at an early stage. Opportunities lie in productivity, safety, and sustainability improvements, while key challenges include digital infrastructure limitations, system integration issues, regulatory gaps, and human resource constraints. The paper concludes that a phased and collaborative strategy among the government, port operators, and industry players is essential to accelerate AI-driven digital transformation in the maritime sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marsellinus Bachtiar Wahju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rancang Bangun Alat Uji Kekuatan Material Polimer dan Komposit Polimer Berpenguat Serat Alam
Current engineering technology places great emphasis on efficient and energy-saving construction. Nowadays, research and development of engineering materials are more directed at relatively strong, stable and lightweight materials. Polymers and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of those that can meet these needs and are being researched. To achieve optimal results, the research must be supported by appropriate test equipment that can properly characterize the materials being developed. This research aims to design a mechanical and electrical tensile testing device especially for polymers and polymer composites. The research produced a prototype of a tensile testing device that has a maximum load capacity of 20.25 kN. The success of this research is proven by the strength of PMMA, which was tested using this device. The test results showed that PMMA has a tensile strength of about 58.2 and 60.7 MPa. This value is within the range of PMMA strength obtained from the literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Widodo Widjaja Basuki, Ferry Rippun G Manalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kebutuhan Banyaknya Titik Roof Outlet Pada Sistem Pemipaan
The JST 01 Data Center development project is located on Jl. Bidara Cina in the Jatinegara District, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta. The MT. Haryono Data Center stands at an elevation of 65 meters above sea level and comprises 14 floors, divided into two work areas: Gantry and IX. Rainfall at the JST 01 Data Center project site is recorded at 318.5 mm/h, based on data processed from BMKG Kemayoran, Cengkareng, and Pondok Betung stations. The analysis follows the Singapore Standard SS 525-2006 Code of Practice for Roof Drainage. The building's total roof area is 2,128.43 m², necessitating 14 Roof Outlet points for the operation of the Siphonic Rainwater System. Of these, five Roof Outlets are allocated to the Gantry area, while nine are distributed across the IX area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fardhillah Adam Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMANTAUAN DAN PENGENDALIAN SUHU DAN KELEMBAPAN UDARA UNTUK TANAMAN TOMAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN WEMOS D1
Plant cultivation process is an important component in creating optimal harvest results. Those results can be affected by both air temperature and humidity in the plant’s environment. Traditional method for monitoring and controlling temperature and humidity consume a lot of time and energy. This Wemos D1 and ThingSpeak equipped monitoring and controlling system was made in order to make those works easier. The system uses air temperature and humidity sensor which will perform reading to the environment’s condition. Datas collected from the reading progress will be forwarded by Wemos D1 to ThingSpeak so it can be observed by users. Exhaust fan and mist maker will be used as controlling components for the environment. This system is expected to help in developing plant cultivation techniques.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karel Octavianus Bachri, Toby Wijaya, Theresia Ghozali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengembangan Sistem Kendali Mekanis Mobile Robot Menggunakan Roda Caster
A reliable control system is essential for the operation of a wheeled robot. A castor wheel is a robotic control device that enables the wheeled robot to navigate to various positions and orientations. One implementation method employs a servo motor to adjust the orientation of the castor wheel to a specific driving angle. The mechanism is robust, cost-effective, and simple to produce. This work demonstrates the development of a castor-wheel-based control mechanism utilizing a servo motor and the pure pursuit algorithm to determine the driving angle. The designated wheeled robot employs a BLDC motor as the primary actuator for its two main wheels. An experiment has been performed to assess the proposed control mechanism. The proposed control system achieved a position error of 0.228 m in the Y direction minimally and less than 1 m position error globally. This study presents mechanical, electrical, and software components.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penerapan Data Driven Decision Making dalam Perspektif Pemilik dan Operator Kapal
The maritime industry’s crucial role in the global economy is vital, serving as the lifeline for the distribution of commercial goods worldwide. Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM) in the maritime sector has the potential to be a game changer. By utilizing data obtained from sensors, communication tools, and integrated systems, operators can optimize fleets, improve fuel efficiency, and enhance maintenance scheduling. From the perspective of ship owners/operators, decisions regarding scheduling, operations, docking, and crew management are prioritized to ensure company profitability. Current business practices necessitate exploring the benefits of using DDDM in decision-making for ship owners/operators. The use of Big Data and DDDM approaches offers advantages such as cost efficiency and improved fleet performance. Data collection and analysis in the maritime sector include various methods, such as Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), weather data, and onboard sensor equipment. Implementing DDDM presents several challenges from the perspective of ship owners/operators, including data quality and availability, system integration, high implementation costs, regulatory compliance, and resistance to change.
Integration of Electric Drive Systems in ICE to EV Conversion: A GT-Suite Approach
This study was focus on converting internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) using GT-Suite simulations, focusing on the integration of electric drive system. With increasing global CO2 emissions, many nations aim to achieve carbon neutrality, making the shift to electrification crucial. While new battery electric vehicles (BEVs) produce significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the high costs associated with new EV production remain a barrier to widespread adoption. Thus, converting existing ICE vehicles into EVs emerges as a more cost-effective and environmentally beneficial strategy. Using Toyota Avanza as a base model, replacing the ICE with a Synchronous AC motor and a LiFePO4 battery pack. Simulation results indicate competitive performance, with a 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 14 seconds, a top speed of 190 km/h, and an estimated driving range of 310 km. This study demonstrates that ICE-to-EV conversions can accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation.
Analisis Penyebab Kecacatan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Seven Tools Pada Proses Perakitan Mesin Sepeda Motor
PT. SMT is a company that manufactures and distributes motorbikes. One of the main products assembled by PT. SMT is a 160 cc motorcycle engine. To improve the quality of the motorbike engine assembly process at PT. SMT, quality management based on the Seven Tools method has been performed. The check sheet analysis based on the production data from the January-July 2023 period shows that the most frequent quality issues in the engine assembly process are dirt on the cylinder inlet valve (64, 2%), followed by rust on the cylinder head (26.1%) and dirt on the gasket cover components for the cylinder head (9.8%). Root cause analysis using the Fishbone diagram finds that work environment factors including dirty workstations, equipment and components, as well as human factors are the main causes of product defects. From this analysis, the recommended improvements include implementing routine cleaning procedures for the work environment, equipment, and components, as well as providing additional training to improve operator competency and foster a better work culture.
Effective Solutions for Moving Objects in Acceleration Functions and Their Reflections Using Goen's Distance Formula
Goen's distance formula effectively calculates the distance from acceleration, which has a pattern as a symmetric function of time changes. In Goen's distance formula, where the acceleration function against time has a symmetric pattern, it can be solved simply by performing a total integral and multiplying it by half of the total time. Symmetric acceleration functions can be constructed by combining certain functions with their reflections. In this study, the method of proving Goen's distance formula is carried out mathematically using single and double-level average integrals of symmetric functions. The advantage of Goen's distance formula compared to the conventional distance formula is that in finding the distance traveled by an object moving with a symmetric acceleration function, it will be more effective because it is sufficient to perform an integral once compared to having to do two integrals as done in the conventional method.
Hygrothermal Effect on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Under Seawater Immersion
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) is extensively used for corrugated roofing sheets and gutters in Indonesia, especially in corrosive environments, due to its superior corrosion resistancecompared to steel. Despite its widespread application in coastal areas, limited studies have examined the durability of GFRP when exposed to seawater and heat. This research investigates the influence of hygrothermal conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of GFRP. Samples were immersed in seawater at temperatures of 30°C, 40°C, and 60°C for 3 and 6 months. Results show that hygrothermal exposure leads to degradation in physical but notmechanical properties. Physical properties were evaluated using mass gain measurements, hardness testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while mechanical properties were assessed via tensile testing.The result shown all specimen have increased mass up to 3,8% and decrease in hardnessup to 56%. SEM also shown several dark spot which indicatevoid. SEM analysis revealed the presence of dark spots, indicating void formation. These findings underscore the vulnerability of GFRP to hygrothermal conditions, raising concerns about its long-term durability in coastal applications.
Integrasi Plts pada Sistem Kelistrikan untuk Penyediaan Listrik di Desa Tanjung Kelumpang, Belitung Timur (Area Geosite Pantai Punai, Kawasan Geopark Belitung)
This research was carried out by developing simulation scenario for the integration of solar power plant into the existing electricity system in Tanjung Kelumpang Village (Punai Beach Area, Belitung Geopark Global Network) with an electricity load pattern at the location in the amount of 24.000 kWh/ day using HOMER software. The simulation scenario prepared is integrating solar power plant with 30% of the existing diesel power plant capacity (the diesel power plant capacity entering the system is 540 kW) and the PLN electricity network. The simulation and optimization results show that integrating solar power plant with 30% of the existing diesel power plant capacity and the PLN electricity network produces the most optimal value, with the number of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is Rp 1.173/ kWh and Net Present Cost (NPC) is Rp 1.788/ kWh. The integration of solar power plant into the existing electricity system of Tanjung Kelumpang village can be a solution for providing clean, environmentally friendly energy at competitive rates. The development direction of Bangka Belitung Province is currently experiencing a transition from mining based economy to sustainable tourism based economy. The integration of renewable energy generation from solar power plant in geosite area is considered to be able to create multiplier effects to achieve sustainable development goals in tourism sector. A number of methods must be encouraged and accelerated to achieve this, such as policy making, providing infrastructure, increasing human resource competency, cooperation and investment pattern, as well as active community involvement in the process.
Perancangan Sistem Filtrasi Air Berbasis Virtual Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) dan Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
In the industrial environment, automation technology is becoming increasingly vital for boosting process efficiency and dependability. Water filtration is one of the most essential industrial uses. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PLC virtual control systems in regulating and managing water filtration processes, and HMI provides an intuitive graphical interface for operators to monitor and control processes. The simulation in this study employs the integrated Virtual PLC Codesys Virtual Win V3 and HMI Aveva Intouch software. Turbidity sensors are used to confirm the clarity of water after it has been filtered. The results of this study demonstrate that using the virtual control system, PLC and HMI, can facilitate the operation and monitoring of water filtration.
Analisis Pengaruh Modifikasi Pressure Reducing Valve Terhadap Range Pressure Drop Aliran Uap
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) is a control valve designed to reduce upstream pressure to downstream pressure on fluid flow. When operating, a PRV is in an equilibrium condition because of the forces acting on it, such as fluid resultant force, membrane force, and spring force. On some working conditions, a PRV cannot operate because the equilibrium is unattainable by the spring that deflects further than the maximum allowable limit and unable to produce force balancing out other forces. Therefore, a modification on the spring wire diameter from 17 mm to 20 mm is conducted without altering other PRV parts dimension and geometry. The modified spring will be analysed through analytical analysis and simulation analysis with Ansys software. On the same working conditions with the enlargement of the spring wire diameter, the deflection that once was 99,28 mm decreases to 42,64 mm and does not exceed the maximum limit at 74,375 mm so the PRV can operate on said condition and the pressure drop range increases from 7 bar to 9 bar.
Friction Stir Welding pada Paduan Aluminium 6061 dan HDPE menggunakan Mesin Frais
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding method that is very simple, cheap, and in principle only requires equipment to rotate the tool and move the workpiece translationally. In this research, it was demonstrated that the FSW process of aluminum alloy 6061 and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer is possible using a vertical milling machine, however, modifications need to be made to make it possible to regulate the pressure applied by the milling machine through the tool shoulder to the surface of the workpiece. Apart from that, it was also known that for each material undergoing the FSW process, it is necessary to determine the right parameter set which is a combination of rotational speed and tool feed speed to obtain optimal welding results. Too high a tool rotation speed can cause high lifting forces which can produce large porosity in the workpiece. For the HDPE FSW process, too high a tool rotation speed, which is not balanced with the increase in feed speed will provide excessive heat, causing depressions on the surface of the nugget zone.
Peluang Penerapan Desain Thinking di Industri Maritim Studi Kasus : Pencarian Jasa Docking
The ship maintenance industry is one of the maritime sectors that supports the economy, where ships are required by regulations to dry dock periodically for repairs and maintenance to ensure their seaworthiness. From the shipowner's perspective, the need is to find a dry dock that meets both technical and economic requirements. Innovations in business processes and drydocking business models have seen various improvements, particularly in the use of technology, automation, and operational efficiency. The implementation of Design Thinking in the maritime industry is widely open, although there are challenges in its adoption, especially due to entrenched business practices and the complexity of meeting dry dock requirements. The results obtained from the observation of the implementation efforts indicate that there are opportunities for the application of new innovations in the maritime industry. This is attributed to the openness towards new technologies and business processes, especially among the next-generation leaders of companies, who belong to the millennial or Gen Z cohorts.