Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
type: channel
description: Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran memuat artikel hasil aktivitas praktik keinsinyuran dari berbagai bidang keilmuan teknik. Bidang praktik bidang keinsinyuran sesuai dengan yang diatur pada pasal 5 ayat (1) UU Keinsinyuran. Artikel yang ditulis merupakan artikel yang orisinal, ditulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia atau Bahasa Inggris. Artikel ditulis dengan penyajian pendahuluan, metode pelaksanaan, hasil dan pembahasan, kesimpulan dan saran, ucapan terima kasih, serta daftar pustaka.
publisher: Program Studi Profesi Insinyur Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
language: en
publication name: Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
issn: 3063-7449
items: Evaluasi Kondisi Panel Listrik dan Pengembangan Sistem Pemantauan Berbasis Barcode dalam Penyusunan Program Pemeliharaan pada Rumah Sakit ABC
items: Analisis Metode Rekayasa Relokasi Gas Engine Compressor Set Menggunakan Multi-Axle Trailer, Jacking-Skidding, dan Mobile Crane di area Operasi Migas
items: Analisis Terpadu Pengembangan Marketplace Nanas bagi Petani Subang Menggunakan Pendekatan Multi-Framework
items: Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Realisasi Anggaran Berbasis Website di BPS Kabupaten Bandung Barat
items: Desain dan Implementasi Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dengan Sistem Navigasi Berbasis Pita Magnetik yang Andal
items: Pengembangan Model Masalah Set Covering Problem untuk Menentukan Lokasi Pontensial SPBU (Studi Kasus: Kota Tangerang Selatan)
items: Analisis dan Pengurangan Downtime Mesin Kiln Melalui Implementasi Alarm Sensor Limit Switch Studi Kasus Industri Keramik
items: Pengembangan Program Gauge R&R Berbasis R untuk Mendukung Analisis Sistem Pengukuran pada Proses Verifikasi Produk Injektor
items: Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Injektor Mesin Diesel
items: Penerapan Quality by Design (QbD) sebagai Pendekatan Sistematis untuk Perancangan Proses Pengembangan Ekstrak Herbal
items: Pengembangan Mesin Pin Mill menjadi Hammer Mill with Shifter untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Produksi
items: Peran Insinyur dalam Pemanfaatan Lahan Terbengkalai Melalui Konsep Green Infrastructure Management (Studi Kasus: Proyek Pembangunan Green House Cafe di Desa Kemuning, Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar)
items: Evaluasi Volume Operasi Horizontal Storage Tank melalui Metode Reverse Engineering
items: Analisis Tegangan Statik pada Sistem Perpipaan Fuel Bunkering Fluida High Speed Diesel (HSD) Menggunakan CAESAR II
items: Pemodelan Genangan Tsunami Berdasarkan Skenario Ketinggian Gelombang dan Perubahan Lahan di Pesisir Kota Banda Aceh
items: Analisis Tingkat Gangguan Pengoperasian pada Kereta Pemeliharaan Jalan Rel (KPJR) (Studi Kasus Gangguan pada Unit Levelling Mesin MTT 09-32 Duomatic CSM)
items: Analisis Kecelakaan Sengatan Listrik pada Shovel di Lingkungan Kerja PT Freeport Indonesia Affiliated Freeport McMoRan
items: Analisis Kegagalan dan Metode Perbaikan Kebocoran pada Sistem Foam Bladder Tank: Studi Kasus Project SBI Plant Narogong
items: Analisis Kegagalan Proses Pulling Pipa HDPE PN10 pada Pekerjaan Saluran Kabel Tegangan Tinggi (SKTT) 150 kV
items: Evaluasi Statement of Applicability ISO 27001:2022 melalui Audit Surveilans pada Pusat Data Internal
items: Identifikasi Tindakan tidak Aman Pekerja Konstruksi pada Proyek Peningkatan Jalan
items: Pemasangan Instalasi Plumbing pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung DP Mall Expansion Semarang
items: Analisis Penggunaan Mesin Empty Bunch Press di PKS Aek Raso PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional 1
items: Perbandingan Transmitter Level Tipe Displacer dan Differential Pressure (DP) Untuk Pengukuran Antarmuka Minyak–Air: Studi Kasus pada Separator Tekanan Menengah
items: Analisis Uji Performa PLTS 110 kWp di Universitas Pamulang dengan Menggunakan Alat Ukur Seaward
items: Metode Injeksi Resin Polyurethane untuk Rektifikasi Kebocoran Air pada Dinding Diafragma
items: Analisis Perencanaan Sistem Proteksi Petir Eksternal Gedung Bertingkat Menggunakan Metode Rolling Sphere (Studi Kasus: The Arumaya Office Jakarta)
items: Analisis Implementasi dan Kualitas Kolom Soil-Cement Metode Rapid Jet Grouting untuk Stabilitas Galian Stasiun Bawah Tanah MRT Jakarta
items: Management of Change (MOC) as Technical and Cost Risk Control in FEED–EPCI Transition
items: Potensial Objek Audit Berdasarkan Temuan Pada Audit Ketaatan Berbasis Risiko di Kantor Pos Cabang Jakarta dan Sekitarnya

Evaluasi Kondisi Panel Listrik dan Pengembangan Sistem Pemantauan Berbasis Barcode dalam Penyusunan Program Pemeliharaan pada Rumah Sakit ABC
type: item
description: Electrical panels in hospitals play a vital role in ensuring the continuity and reliability of medical services. However, the maintenance of electrical panels at ABC Hospital has not been carried out optimally and still relies on a manual, non-integrated reporting system, which potentially increases the risk of operational disruptions. This study aims to evaluate the condition of existing electrical panels and to develop a barcode-based monitoring system to support the preparation of an effective and integrated maintenance program. The methods employed include data identification and collection, panel condition evaluation through visual inspection and temperature measurement using a thermal camera, risk-based reliability analysis, and the design of a barcode-based monitoring system. The results show that there are 43 electrical panel cells in Building R, all of which require cleaning, and 8 panels are identified as priority units requiring further maintenance actions. The development of a barcode-based system enables integrated and easily traceable maintenance documentation. This study emphasizes that scheduled maintenance can improve the reliability of electrical systems and ensure the safety and continuity of medical services in hospitals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electrical panel
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Barcode
  topic: keywords
creator: Sisilia Francisca Novianna
creator: Hotma Antoni Hutahaean
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-14
publication date: 2026-07-14
starting page: 418
ending page: 428
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.8129

Analisis Metode Rekayasa Relokasi Gas Engine Compressor Set Menggunakan Multi-Axle Trailer, Jacking-Skidding, dan Mobile Crane di area Operasi Migas
type: item
description: Relocation of two 60 t gas compressor sets in an operating oil-and-gas facility requires integrated validation of transport, cargo securing, lifting, jacking-skidding, and risk controls. This descriptive-quantitative case study triangulated Method Statement Rev.2, transport and lifting plans, manufacturer data, standards, and safety literature. The gross combination mass was 112.8 t. At a 30% grade and 3% rolling resistance, the combination required 349.8 kN tractive force and approximately 489 HP at 3 km/h, so one 400 HP prime mover was inadequate without assistance. Sixteen D13 lashing legs provided 813.7 kN horizontal capacity against 588.6 kN demand, subject to verified lashing and anchor capacities. Maximum mobile-crane utilization was 42.2%, while four 50 t jacks provided a nominal capacity factor of 3.33. The resulting framework separates verified data, design assumptions, and field hold points to support conditional-go decisions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heavy transport
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-axle trailer
  topic: keywords
subject: tractive effort
  topic: keywords
subject: cargo securing
  topic: keywords
subject: jacking-skidding
  topic: keywords
creator: Irhas Zulfikar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-08-10
publication date: 2026-08-10
starting page: 490
ending page: 501
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.8124

Analisis Terpadu Pengembangan Marketplace Nanas bagi Petani Subang Menggunakan Pendekatan Multi-Framework
type: item
description: Subang Regency is recognized as one of the major pineapple production centers in Indonesia; however, farmers still face various challenges in marketing, including limited market access, long distribution chains, and low adoption of digital technology. This study aims to analyze and design the development of a digital pineapple marketplace to improve marketing efficiency and enhance farmers’ welfare. The research adopts a multi-framework approach by integrating Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), CATWOE, SWOT, MOST, PESTLE, Six Thinking Hats and value chain. The results indicate that the integration of these frameworks provides a comprehensive understanding in designing an effective and sustainable marketplace system. This study contributes to the development of information systems in digital agriculture and supports digital transformation in the agribusiness sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marketplace
  topic: keywords
subject: Analisis multi-framework
  topic: keywords
subject: digital farming
  topic: keywords
creator: Dian Permata Sari
creator: Maria Angela Kartawidjaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-29
publication date: 2026-07-29
starting page: 464
ending page: 479
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.8109

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Realisasi Anggaran Berbasis Website di BPS Kabupaten Bandung Barat
type: item
description: At the West Bandung Regency Statistics Agency (BPS), the budget execution monitoring process is still conducted manually using physical documents, which leads to various challenges, such as reporting delays, the risk of recording errors, and limited access to timely and accurate data. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Budget Implementation Monitoring Information System (SIMORA) to support an integrated process for monitoring and validating documents. The system was developed using the Design Science Research (DSR) method, which consists of the following stages: problem identification, solution goal definition, design and development, demonstration, and evaluation. The system was evaluated through User Acceptance Testing (UAT) as well as usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The UAT results showed a 100% compliance rate, categorizing the system as highly suitable. Meanwhile, the SUS testing yielded an average score of 79.68, which falls into the “Good” category. The research findings indicate that SIMORA is capable of supporting the budget implementation monitoring process.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Budget monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: web-based information system
  topic: keywords
subject: Design Science Research
  topic: keywords
subject: User Acceptance Testing
  topic: keywords
subject: System Usability Scale
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafiyyan Putra Pratama
creator: Maria Angela Kartawidjaja
creator: Ghalda Azzahra Dwitami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-14
publication date: 2026-07-14
starting page: 429
ending page: 444
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.7995

Desain dan Implementasi Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dengan Sistem Navigasi Berbasis Pita Magnetik yang Andal
type: item
description: The increasing demand for automation in industrial environments has accelerated the adoption of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) as efficient material handling solutions. This study presents the design and implementation of a robust magnetic-guided AGV system that emphasizes reliability, safety, and operational stability. The proposed system combines magnetic tape-based navigation with a digitally controlled motor drive and embedded control architecture. Unlike vision-based or LiDAR-based systems, magnetic guidance offers a cost effective and interference-resistant alternative for structured environments. The developed AGV demonstrates consistent path tracking, adaptive motion control, and reliable response to operational markers such as stop and speed commands. The performance of the system is validated through real-world implementation, showing improved navigation stability and reduced system complexity compared to alternative guidance approaches reported in recent studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automated Guided Vehicle
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnetic Navigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Automation
  topic: keywords
creator: Widianto Stevanus
creator: Linda Wijayanti
creator: Stefani Prima Dias Kristiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-21
publication date: 2026-07-21
starting page: 455
ending page: 463
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.8013

Pengembangan Model Masalah Set Covering Problem untuk Menentukan Lokasi Pontensial SPBU (Studi Kasus: Kota Tangerang Selatan)
type: item
description: This study utilises IBM ILOG CPLEX to solve the set covering problem. The model is designed to minimise the total coverage distance whilst maximising the number of demand points in South Tangerang. Constraints were set to ensure that petrol stations are assigned as both intra-cluster and inter-cluster stations. Data was collected using Google Maps and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. The final results show the decision variables for AssignIntra, AssignInter and Route. The objective function minimises distance and maximises demand coverage. The global optimal solution covers the entire South Tangerang area with petrol stations, thereby eliminating unnecessary petrol stations. Maps and cluster analysis were used to identify redundant petrol stations for elimination. The computation time was recorded at 14.18 seconds, and verification and validation processes were carried out. The validated results show a total distance of 115.99 km.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IBM ILOG CPLEX
  topic: keywords
subject: Objective Function
  topic: keywords
subject: Decision Variables
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance
  topic: keywords
subject: SPBU
  topic: keywords
creator: Ronald Sukwadi
creator: Agustinus Silalahi
creator: Hans Louis Olinger
creator: Hsiang-Ling Chen
creator: Trifenaus Prabu Hidayat
creator: Sandra Oktaviani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 383
ending page: 396
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.8003

Analisis dan Pengurangan Downtime Mesin Kiln Melalui Implementasi Alarm Sensor Limit Switch Studi Kasus Industri Keramik
type: item
description: High downtime is a critical issue affecting production efficiency, operational reliability, and maintenance costs. Operational data from January to March 2025 showed an average downtime of 143 minutes per month, indicating the need for improvement. This study aims to reduce downtime in kiln machines in the ceramic industry through the implementation of a limit switch-based alarm system, using a qualitative-descriptive approach combined with the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) method and root cause analysis using pareto and ishikawa diagrams. The analysis identified that the primary cause of downtime was the absence of an early warning system for abnormal conditions in the cooling box section, addressed by installing a limit switch sensor to provide real-time alerts to operators. The results show a significant reduction in downtime from 143 to 21 minutes per month within eight months of implementation, demonstrating that simple engineering modifications can enhance system responsiveness, reduce production losses, and improve operational efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Downtime
  topic: keywords
subject: Kiln
  topic: keywords
subject: Maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Ceramic
  topic: keywords
creator: Wahyu Indra Saputra
creator: Linda Wijayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 397
ending page: 404
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.7967

Pengembangan Program Gauge R&R Berbasis R untuk Mendukung Analisis Sistem Pengukuran pada Proses Verifikasi Produk Injektor
type: item
description: This paper presents the development of an R-based Gauge R&R program to support measurement system analysis in injector product verification. The study is motivated by the reliance on licensed statistical software, limited accessibility, and the need for a more flexible internal workflow. A design-and-development approach was employed, including requirement identification, conceptual design, module and library development, implementation, and initial validation through comparative analysis. The developed program supports crossed and nested study designs, normalized data processing, ANOVA, variance component estimation, study variation analysis, and interpretative graphical outputs. Validation results indicate that the program produces consistent and reliable analytical outputs compared to conventional tools. The findings demonstrate that a modular R-based application can effectively support measurement system analysis, improve analytical efficiency, and enhance decision-making reliability in verification processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gauge R&R
  topic: keywords
subject: Measurement System Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Verification Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: R
  topic: keywords
creator: Christophorus Brian
creator: Djoko Setyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-03
publication date: 2026-07-03
starting page: 371
ending page: 382
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.7935

Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Injektor Mesin Diesel
type: item
description: The injector is a critical component in diesel engines that governs combustion efficiency through fuel atomization. In engineering education, understanding common rail systems is often constrained by the complexity of internal mechanisms and the safety risks associated with high-pressure engine operation. This study aims to design and develop an injector teaching aid as a safe and interactive learning medium. A design-and-build approach was employed, including conceptual and detailed design using AutoCAD, followed by prototype development. The system integrates key components, namely a 4D56 injector, DLLP nozzle, manual hand pump tester, and a CR-C common rail injector tester, mounted on an angle steel frame (110 × 55 × 75 cm). Experimental results indicate that the apparatus is capable of consistently exhibiting a conical spray pattern with a pressure stability of <10% and an actuator response of <3 ms, rendering it effective for laboratory-based learning
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diesel injector
  topic: keywords
subject: Common rail system
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching aid
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering education
  topic: keywords
subject: Fuel atomization
  topic: keywords
creator: Markus Sampe Banne
creator: Djoko Setyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-16
publication date: 2026-07-16
starting page: 445
ending page: 454
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.7934

Penerapan Quality by Design (QbD) sebagai Pendekatan Sistematis untuk Perancangan Proses Pengembangan Ekstrak Herbal
type: item
description: Quality by Design (QbD) represents a paradigm shift in product development, moving away from the concept of quality by testing toward a systematic approach where quality is inherently built into the process. However, its application in the development of herbal extract products remains limited. This study aims to analyze the systematic implementation of QbD in herbal extract development by identifying the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), as well as conductiong a comprehensive risk assessment that explains the causal relationships of Critical Material Attributes (CMA) and Critical Process Parameter (CPP) to the CQA. The results indicate that there are 10 CMAs and 6 CPPs that have impact medium-to-high risks to 7 CQAs of herbal extract. By implementing QbD, the industry can proactively deplot control strategies to mitigate potential process failures and variability, leading to a more robust, efficient, and reproducible process design for process design.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality by Design (QbD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Ekstrak
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal
  topic: keywords
creator: Laurentius Haryanto
creator: Linda Wijayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 323
ending page: 337
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7913

Pengembangan Mesin Pin Mill menjadi Hammer Mill with Shifter untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Produksi
type: item
description: The process of upgrading the Pin mill to a Hammer mill with shifter aims to increase the production capacity of the previous machine, which was still far below the target of 1 ton per day. The team reviewed the mechanical design, how the machine performed, and its energy use. The new design includes inverter technology, which lets users adjust the rotor speed to fit different production needs and material types. It also focuses on reducing vibration at high speeds, which helps the machine last longer and run more smoothly. Tests show that the new Hammer mill with shifter can grind up to 20 kilograms per hour, with over 95% of the output meeting the 40 Mesh standard. The machine runs smoothly at high speeds without too much vibration, uses energy efficiently, save on electricity costs, better for the environment, and suitable for large-scale production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hammer Mill with Shifter
  topic: keywords
subject: Production Capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Nelce D Muskita
creator: M.M. Lanny W. Pandjaitan
creator: Lukas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: 405
ending page: 417
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i04.7863

Peran Insinyur dalam Pemanfaatan Lahan Terbengkalai Melalui Konsep Green Infrastructure Management (Studi Kasus: Proyek Pembangunan Green House Cafe di Desa Kemuning, Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar)
type: item
description: This article aims to analyze the role of engineers in implementing the Green Infrastructure Management (GIM) concept through a structured case study of the Green House Café development project in Kemuning Village, Karanganyar Regency. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of engineering practices, community empowerment—particularly youth organizations—and spatial analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS) within a rural context. The study adopts a case study approach with participatory methods, encompassing situational analysis, environmentally oriented design planning, implementation of green technologies, and continuous community assistance. GIS was employed to assess site suitability based on topography, accessibility, and environmental considerations, supporting informed decision-making in sustainable land utilization. The results indicate that the application of GIM contributes to the optimization of abandoned land, the creation of productive activities for rural youth, and the enhancement of environmental awareness. This study is expected to serve as a practical model for sustainable development based on the professional role of engineers that can be adapted and replicated in other rural areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Infrastructure Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Abandoned Land
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering Practice
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Gunadi ibnu sutopo
creator: Maria Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-02-04
publication date: 2026-02-04
starting page: 206
ending page: 212
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7701

Evaluasi Volume Operasi Horizontal Storage Tank melalui Metode Reverse Engineering
type: item
description: Horizontal Storage Tank is a solar storage facility operating at PT X. Due to the aging of the equipment and the limited availability of original design data, reverse engineering was required to recover design parameters and evaluate the tank's operational feasibility. This study aimed to determine the tank's geometry, materials, and pressure capacity based on actual field conditions and achievable volume. The methods used included visual verification, operational and environmental data collection, and mechanical analysis using PV Elite software in accordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1 and related standards. The analysis was conducted under various load combinations, including internal pressure, wind load, earthquake load, and hydrostatic conditions, to determine the minimum thickness and Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP). The results indicated that Horizontal Storage Tank 946-F-132 still meets engineering requirements and is considered operationally feasible at a design pressure of 7.03 kg/cm², with the lowest calculated MAWP of 18.11 kg/cm². The resulting liquid volume from this tank is 16,158.1 liters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Horizontal Storage Tank
  topic: keywords
subject: Wall Thickness
  topic: keywords
subject: Tank Capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: Liquid Level
  topic: keywords
creator: Ratu Mutia Fajarani
creator: Yanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-07-02
publication date: 2026-07-02
starting page: 363
ending page: 370
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7667

Analisis Tegangan Statik pada Sistem Perpipaan Fuel Bunkering Fluida High Speed Diesel (HSD) Menggunakan CAESAR II
type: item
description: The piping system has an important function to transport fluids from one place to another quickly and safely. Fluid flowing in the piping system produces different pressures, weights and temperatures. Piping systems must be designed properly and correctly in order to avoid failures and leaks. In this study, static stress analysis will be carried out on the fuel bunkering piping system to distribute High Speed Diesel (HSD) fluid. This study aims to analyze and obtain the amount of stress in the piping so that it will not exceed the permissible stress. Stress occurs due to sustained loading and thermal loading. Stress analysis was carried out using the CAESAR II software for two conditions, namely design conditions. The results of the design condition analysis show that the maximum stress at sustain load is 8533.85 lb/in2 and the stress due to thermal load is 22008.59 lb/in2. Stresses due to sustain loads and thermal loads are still within the permissible safe limits according to the type of material listed in ASME B31.3, namely 20,000 psi and 30,000 psi for sustain loads and thermal loads.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stress static
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustain Load
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal Load
  topic: keywords
subject: CAESAR II
  topic: keywords
subject: ASME B31.3
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfatih
creator: Yanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 199
ending page: 205
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7665

Pemodelan Genangan Tsunami Berdasarkan Skenario Ketinggian Gelombang dan Perubahan Lahan di Pesisir Kota Banda Aceh
type: item
description: This study analyzes tsunami inundation characteristics and coastal exposure in Banda Aceh City under 5 m, 15 m, and 30 m tsunami scenarios. It also evaluates the impact of land-use modification through an experimental conversion of aquaculture ponds into mangrove areas by adjusting surface roughness coefficients. A GIS-based approach was applied using remote sensing, topographic, and land-use data. Tsunami inundation was modeled using the Berryman equation considering surface slope and roughness. The results indicate that tsunami propagation forms irregular inundation boundaries influenced by landuse variations. The land-use modification experiment shows that converting ponds into mangroves reduces inundation extent and residential exposure, particularly under the 30 m scenarios. These findings highlight the role of mangrove restoration in mitigating tsunami impacts in coastal areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tsunami
  topic: keywords
subject: Scenario
  topic: keywords
subject: Hazard
  topic: keywords
subject: Land Use
  topic: keywords
subject: Mangrove
  topic: keywords
creator: Arinaldi
creator: Lukas
creator: M.M. Lanny W. Panjaitan
creator: Kasyful Humam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 313
ending page: 322
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7664

Analisis Tingkat Gangguan Pengoperasian pada Kereta Pemeliharaan Jalan Rel (KPJR) (Studi Kasus Gangguan pada Unit Levelling Mesin MTT 09-32 Duomatic CSM)
type: item
description: This paper discusses the technical analysis and handling of operational disruptions in KPJR MTT 09-32 Duomatic CSM, especially the case of levelling units at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). This disruption has a direct impact on the process of repairing and maintaining the geometry of the rail road and has the potential to disrupt train travel. Through the methods of literature study, field observation, technician interviews, and examinations using wiring diagrams and SPS Diagnosis, it was found that the root of the problem lies in the damage to the burnt relay and worn connectors. Handling steps are carried out through a thorough inspection, replacement of damaged components, and retesting of the system until the levelling unit can function normally again. The results show the effectiveness of the repair with minimal downtime and relatively cost efficiency. The recommendations submitted include the preparation of troubleshooting SOPs, and training technicians in early detection of potential disturbances.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MTT 09-32 Duomatic CSM
  topic: keywords
subject: Operating Interruptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Levelling Units
  topic: keywords
subject: Rail Road Maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Troubleshooting
  topic: keywords
creator: Nindra Prabu Wijaya
creator: Djoko Setyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 284
ending page: 297
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7659

Analisis Kecelakaan Sengatan Listrik pada Shovel di Lingkungan Kerja PT Freeport Indonesia Affiliated Freeport McMoRan
type: item
description: This analysis aims to find out more about the factors that cause potentially fatal accidents. The analysis is carried out by studying and understanding all information related to these accidents that is reported regularly in meetings and discussions about occupational safety and health in the mining sector within the company This study uses qualitative methods, namely collecting all data and information from various sources to explain the causes of the accident. The results of the analysis showed that the electric shock experienced by the electrician was caused by a human error from the employee himself because he failed to implement the Lockout, Tagout, and Trayout (LOTOTO) procedures and measures to isolate the flow of electrical energy before starting the repair work, resulting in injuries to the left hand, arm, and leg.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accident
  topic: keywords
subject: electric shock
  topic: keywords
subject: shovel
  topic: keywords
subject: LOTOTO
  topic: keywords
creator: Yunus Yowel Howay
creator: Ronald Sukwadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 117
ending page: 124
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7657

Analisis Kegagalan dan Metode Perbaikan Kebocoran pada Sistem Foam Bladder Tank: Studi Kasus Project SBI Plant Narogong
type: item
description: The reliability of foam suppression systems is critical for mitigating Class B fire risks in chemical industrial facilities. This case study investigates an incident involving the discharge of foam solution through the Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) on the water inlet line of a Bladder Tank at Plant Narogong, which coincided with an internal hydrant pillar test. The study aims to identify the root cause of the leakage and formulate corrective actions in compliance with NFPA & FM Global standards. The investigation methodology included visual inspection, flushing tests, leak testing, and physical examination of the internal membrane. Inspection results confirmed that the Bladder membrane was intact, refuting initial suspicions of rubber material failure. Root cause analysis identified the incident was caused by back pressure phenomena due to valve misconfiguration during hydrant testing and internal corrosion in Carbon Steel pipes caused by foam residue. Corrective actions implemented included a pressure-balanced refilling procedure, pipeline flushing, and system design modification by installing a Check Valve after the proportioner. These measures proved effective in preventing backflow and maintaining the integrity of the fire protection system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bladder Tank
  topic: keywords
subject: Back Pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: NFPA 25
  topic: keywords
subject: Leak Investigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Fire Protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Deddy Junior Tambunan
creator: Djoko Setyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
starting page: 173
ending page: 182
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7649

Analisis Kegagalan Proses Pulling Pipa HDPE PN10 pada Pekerjaan Saluran Kabel Tegangan Tinggi (SKTT) 150 kV
type: item
description: High Voltage Cable Channel Work (SKTT) 150 kV or Underground High Voltage Cable works can be carried out using the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) machine, in accordance with the State Electricity Company Standard (SPLN) T4.003:2023, and is commonly applied in urban areas with high traffic density. This article analyzes the failure of the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe pulling process in the 150 kV SKTT work at the MRT Jakarta Phase 2A Project, CP 205. The failure occurred due to a time delay of approximately 4 hours between the borehole cleaning process and the pulling operation. This condition resulted in the failure of pulling HDPE PN10 pipes with diameters of 6 inches and 4 inches. Corrective actions were conducted by reaming the original borehole using the same parameters. The pulling operation was then performed immediately after the cleaning process was completed. The evaluation results indicate that eliminating any time delay between the cleaning and pulling processes can prevent borehole collapse and ensure the successful installation of HDPE pipes in 150 kV SKTT works.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High Voltage Cable Channel Work
  topic: keywords
subject: Horizontal Directional Drilling
  topic: keywords
subject: High Density Polyethylene Pipe
  topic: keywords
creator: Alif Syuhada
creator: Maria Angela Kartawidjaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 156
ending page: 164
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7633

Evaluasi Statement of Applicability ISO 27001:2022 melalui Audit Surveilans pada Pusat Data Internal
type: item
description: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Statement of Applicability (SoA) through an ISO/IEC 27001:2022 surveillance audit on the internal data center infrastructure of PT ABC. The audit was conducted by an independent certification body to verify continual compliance, assess the effectiveness of the Information Security Management System (ISMS), review previous audit results, and identify opportunities for improvement. The audit program was developed in accordance with ISO 19011:2018 and ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 using a systematic and riskbased approach. The evaluation focused on the alignment between implemented controls and the documented SoA, based on Annex A control domains. No nonconformities or discrepancies were identified, although three Opportunities for Improvement (OFIs) were recorded. The results confirm that the ISMS is compliant and effective, supporting the continuation of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certification.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance Audit
  topic: keywords
subject: Statement of Applicability
  topic: keywords
subject: Information Security Management System
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Center Security
  topic: keywords
creator: Christiaan Widharto
creator: Maria Angela Kartawidjaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 135
ending page: 146
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7631

Identifikasi Tindakan tidak Aman Pekerja Konstruksi pada Proyek Peningkatan Jalan
type: item
description: Occupational accidents in the construction sector are generally caused by human error, which is recognized as the dominant factor leading to unsafe actions. This condition poses a challenge in the implementation of construction projects that are required to be completed on time while achieving a zero-accident target. This study aims to identify the dominant factors contributing to workers’ non-compliance in performing unsafe actions in the road improvement project of Mekar Jati–Seberang Kota (Continuation) in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi Province. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method through field observations and identification of unsafe actions. The results indicate that the dominant factor causing unsafe actions is incomplete use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), with a mean value of 3.00. Low worker discipline, discomfort in using PPE, habitual work without PPE, and weak project supervision are the main factors increasing the risk of occupational accidents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Road Construction
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Unsafe Action
  topic: keywords
creator: Anddri
creator: Hotma Antoni Hutahaean
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 165
ending page: 172
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7626

Pemasangan Instalasi Plumbing pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung DP Mall Expansion Semarang
type: item
description: Duta Pertiwi Mall Building or DP Mall is a world entertainment center in the city of Semarang, is the first mall to introduce travelator technology, where visitors can bring their luggage baskets anywhere. DP Mall is located in the city center adjacent to Tugu Muda and Lawang Sewu with an area of 2.6 hectares, located on the corner of Jl. Pemuda no.150, Sekayu, Central Semarang District, Semarang city. In 2023 DP Mall expanded by building a building right behind the DP Mall building with a height of 16 floors, consisting of 2 basements and 14 floors, which are divided into 4 floors of shopping areas and 10 floors for vehicle parking and the roof of the building. In the construction of this DP Mall Expansion, there is an installation of a plumbing installation system because in every building there is not only a building structure and architect, but it needs to be equipped with a plumbing installation system. This paper discusses the installation of plumbing installations consisting of used water (ABK), dirty water (AK), clean water (AB), kitchen water (KD), vent (VT), rainwater (AH) in the DP Mall Expansion building according to the Detail Engineering Design (DED).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plumbing Installation
  topic: keywords
subject: Plumbing System Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical
  topic: keywords
subject: Plumbing
  topic: keywords
creator: Arka Maisar Pratama
creator: Linda Wijayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 271
ending page: 283
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7604

Analisis Penggunaan Mesin Empty Bunch Press di PKS Aek Raso PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional 1
type: item
description: Aek Raso Palm Oil Mill is one of the palm oil mills under the management of PT. The Nusantara IV Regional 1 Plantation. It has been operating since 1994 with capacity 30 Tons/Hour. In 2024, PKS Aek Raso received Empty Bunch Press Machine to reduce the losses on empty oil palm bunches. Before the use of Empty Bunch Press machine, the losses on empty bunches of oil palm could be 2-3%. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence and effectiveness the use of the Empty Bunch Press machine has on the productivity of obtaining Oil Extraction Rendement (OER) of palm oil in the Aek Raso PKS. For this reason, a calculation analysis was carried out on fresh fruit bunches (FFB) to obtain oil loss before and after being pressed by the machine and to find out how much percentage increase in palm oil yield was obtained from using the Empty Bunch Press machine. After the use of Empty Bunch Press machine, lossses on empty oil palm bunches on the On Sample can be reduced into 1 – 2%. The results can be used as evaluation to ensure that the investment in purchasing the machine is appropriate, has the right objectives and is on target.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Empty Bunches
  topic: keywords
subject: Empty Bunch Press Machine
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil Losses
  topic: keywords
subject: Rendement
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil Extraction Rate
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucky Imanuel Sianturi
creator: Yanto Yanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 111
ending page: 116
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7602

Perbandingan Transmitter Level Tipe Displacer dan Differential Pressure (DP) Untuk Pengukuran Antarmuka Minyak–Air: Studi Kasus pada Separator Tekanan Menengah
type: item
description: The reliability of oil–water interface level control in three-phase separators is highly dependent on the accuracy and stability of level measurement instruments. This study evaluates the performance of displacer and differential pressure (DP) level transmitters for interface level measurement on the Medium Pressure (MP) Separator 532-V-02A at the CPP Hess Indonesia Pangkah LTD facility. The evaluation method was conducted through analysis of actual operating trending data and statistical assessment using standard deviation of the Process Variable (PV) for each instrument, with a sample size of N=50. The main results indicate that the DP level transmitter exhibits superior stability, with a standard deviation of 2.22% compared to 7.98% for the displacer, particularly under conditions where an emulsion layer is formed. The practical implications of these findings suggest that the DP level transmitter is more suitable for interface level control applications
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interface level measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: specific gravity
  topic: keywords
subject: Emulsion
  topic: keywords
subject: Calibration
  topic: keywords
subject: Commissioning
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqbal Matondang
creator: Yanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-02-04
publication date: 2026-02-04
starting page: 213
ending page: 220
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7589

Analisis Uji Performa PLTS 110 kWp di Universitas Pamulang dengan Menggunakan Alat Ukur Seaward
type: item
description: Pamulang Viktor University has implemented renewable energy through the construction of a 110 kWp On-Grid Rooftop Solar Power Plant (PLTS) in Viktor Building B as a strategic step to reduce dependence on PLN electricity supply. This project involved voltage measurements using the Seaward Solar Survey 200R and inverter performance monitoring to ensure system reliability. Monitoring results showed voltage variations influenced by weather conditions, with the highest voltage achieved on the third day of measurement and the lowest voltage on the second day. Evaluation of solar panel performance compared to manufacturer's specification data showed a match between the actual voltage measured and the panel's working voltage value based on the datasheet. Thus, the PLTS system was declared feasible and in accordance with operational standards, and supports the institution's efforts in implementing clean energy and energy efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pv arrays
  topic: keywords
subject: inverters
  topic: keywords
subject: plts
  topic: keywords
subject: pv strings
  topic: keywords
subject: solar survey 200r
  topic: keywords
creator: Sunarya Doni
creator: Lukas
creator: M.M. Lanny W. Pandjaitan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 60
ending page: 72
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i01.7496

Metode Injeksi Resin Polyurethane untuk Rektifikasi Kebocoran Air pada Dinding Diafragma
type: item
description: Diaphragm wall (D-Wall) in underground structures, such as Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations, often face problems of groundwater infiltration issues through construction joints or concrete cracks. These leaks have the potential to cause structural damage (reinforcement corrosion), disrupt work schedules, and cause operational disruptions. This study aims to documentation and analyzes the water leakage repair methods applied to the D-Walls at Thamrin and Monas Station of the Jakarta MRT Phase 2A Project. The method used is a two-stage injection using polyurethane (PUR) resin. This method involves drilling the leak point at a 45-degree angle, installing a packer, injecting water-reactive PUR to temporarily stop the water flow (Sika Injection-101 h), followed by injecting elastic PUR resin for permanent sealing (Sika Injection-201 CE). The analysis results show that PUR injection is a fast, effective, and flexible non-structural solution for addressing active leaks underground with high water pressure, providing a long-term waterproof solution without requiring massive structural demolition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diphragm Wall
  topic: keywords
subject: D-Wall
  topic: keywords
subject: Underground
  topic: keywords
subject: Groundwater
  topic: keywords
creator: Karisa Ratih Natalia
creator: M.M Lanny W. Pandjaitan
creator: Lukas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
starting page: 99
ending page: 104
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i01.7570

Analisis Perencanaan Sistem Proteksi Petir Eksternal Gedung Bertingkat Menggunakan Metode Rolling Sphere (Studi Kasus: The Arumaya Office Jakarta)
type: item
description: Lightning strike is a significant risk for human safety and infrastructure reliability, specific to the tropical country, Indonesia faces risk on high intensity of lightning strike and specific characteristics that differs to another region. This led to demand for specific standardize lightning protection system planning to minimize risk of structural damage or even electricity failure. A few approaches have been widely applied such as protection angle method, and mesh method. However, studies explained that those methods face a limitation and ineffective for high rise building. Thus, this research is conduct to apply a proper and standardize rolling sphere method by SNI-03-7015-2004 and IEC 62350. The research object is the project of “The Arumaya Office” and it shows that this project has Protection Class III with 90% efficiency and peak current up to 10 kA. This result is used to design the protection zone, air terminal placement and the material utilized.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: lightning protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Rolling Sphere
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesian National Standard
  topic: keywords
subject: High-rise Building
  topic: keywords
creator: Maulana Afandi. M
creator: Linda Wijayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 73
ending page: 82
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i01.7557

Analisis Implementasi dan Kualitas Kolom Soil-Cement Metode Rapid Jet Grouting untuk Stabilitas Galian Stasiun Bawah Tanah MRT Jakarta
type: item
description: The construction of the underground stations for the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Phase 2 (CP202) Project in Jakarta faces a serious geotechnical constraint: the presence of very soft Alluvial Clay 1 (AC1) layers (c_u as low as 20–35 kPa), which threatens the stability of deep excavations. This study analyzes the implementation and quality verification of Ground Improvement (GI) using the Jet Grouting Rapid (R2) method at the Sawah Besar Station site. The Rapid Jet method was strategically selected to produce large-diameter soil-cement columns (ϕ3,5m) under high operational pressure (30–34 MPa), aiming to increase the Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) and form a base seal. Quality control was rigorously performed using UCS testing according to the ASTM D2166/D2166M-16 standard on core samples from the Check Hole (CH-01). The data indicate that strict process compliance with the critical injection parameters (30–34 MPa) successfully produced soil-cement columns meeting the design strength criteria. This success effectively increased the excavation's Safety Factor and mitigated the risks of basal heave and water seepage. The main finding emphasizes integrated quality validation, where technical success is guaranteed by absolute adherence to the critical input energy (jet pressure) to ensure the method's effectiveness in challenging AC1 soil conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ground Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Alluvial Clay
  topic: keywords
subject: Jet Grouting
  topic: keywords
subject: Rapid Jet Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Unconfined Compression Strength
  topic: keywords
creator: Sony Desta Primandani
creator: M.M. Lanny W. Pandjaitan
creator: Lukas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 261
ending page: 270
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i03.7555

Management of Change (MOC) as Technical and Cost Risk Control in FEED–EPCI Transition
type: item
description: The transition from Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) to Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPCI) is a critical phase in upstream oil and gas projects, where design maturity, cost, and schedule risks are highly exposed. This study examines the implementation of Management of Change (MOC) as a risk control mechanism during the FEED–EPCI transition phase. Using a qualitative case study approach, this paper analyzes how a structured MOC process supports engineering governance by ensuring systematic evaluation, approval, and traceability of changes. The results show that effective MOC implementation enhances decision-making quality, improves risk visibility, and mitigates potential cost and schedule impacts during project phase transition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management of Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Control
  topic: keywords
subject: FEED–EPCI Transition
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil and Gas Project
  topic: keywords
creator: Rachmat Arifin Mustafa
creator: Ronald Sukwadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 147
ending page: 155
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i02.7520

Potensial Objek Audit Berdasarkan Temuan Pada Audit Ketaatan Berbasis Risiko di Kantor Pos Cabang Jakarta dan Sekitarnya
type: item
description: In carrying out its functions, Internal Audit conducts the planning and execution of audits on Auditees—namely, work units at branch post offices—by the Representative Office Internal Audit team and delivers the Audit Report to relevant stakeholders. This study aims to determine Potential Audit Objects derived from findings of Risk-Based Compliance Audits at branch post offices as documented in the Audit Reports. The identification of these objects is intended to ensure that internal audit implementation remains effective and efficient, as expected by the Company, in this case PT Pos Indonesia. This research is a case study based on risk-based compliance audit findings from nine branch post offices in Jakarta and surrounding areas during the 2024–2025 period. The findings indicate that (1) Potential Audit Objects are derived from audit issues that occur with a percentage exceeding 50%, along with an analysis of their causes and impacts, (2) Potential Audit Objects enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of risk-based compliance audits and is recommended as an effective and efficient method for PT Pos Indonesia’s management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Potential Audit Objects
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk-Based Compliance Audit
  topic: keywords
subject: The findings
  topic: keywords
subject: Branch Post Offices
  topic: keywords
subject: PT Pos Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Freddy Hotman Manurung
creator: Hotma Antoni Hutahaean
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran
date: 2026-01-06
publication date: 2026-01-06
starting page: 7
ending page: 21
doi: 10.25170/jpk.v3i01.7516