Journal of Urban Health Research (JUHR) is an open-access electronic journal. JUHR is a peer-reviewed journal published by the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. The journal aims to improve discussion and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of medicine, health, and pharmacy in order to improve the health outcomes of urban populations. JUHR accepts manuscripts written in English. We publish four categories of papers: 1) Original research articles, 2) Literature review articles, 3) Case report articles, 4) Short report articles on scientific research relevant to all aspects of medicine, health, and pharmacy. Authors can submit manuscripts to JUHR through website. The journal is published three times a year in February, June, and October.
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
In Silico Analysis of miRNA in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Connections and Biomarker Potential
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, affecting 537 million adults worldwide in 2021 and projected to reach 783 million by 2045. T2DM increases the risk of malignancies, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have emerged as molecular links between T2DM and CRC through their roles in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and insulin signaling. Shared pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and IGF-1 signaling, support common pathogenic mechanisms. Due to their stability and disease-specific expression, miRNAs represent promising biomarkers. This study employs an in silico bioinformatics approach to identify shared dysregulated miRNAs, predict their target genes, analyze relevant molecular pathways, and evaluate their regulatory roles connecting T2DM with CRC development. Methods: This study employed an in silico approach using miRNA expression data from GEO datasets (GSE262614, GSE185845, GSE115513, GSE156732), analyzed with R under the criteria |Log2FC| > 1 and p < 0.05. Differentially expressed miRNAs from each dataset were compared using a Venn diagram to identify consistently dysregulated miRNAs. Target gene prediction was conducted using miRTargetLink 2.0 and miRWalk, followed by validation with mRNA datasets GSE25724 and GSE44076. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed using GO and KEGG through ShinyGO and Enrichr Results: Analysis revealed that hsa-miR-182-3p was the only miRNA consistently experiencing upregulation in both T2DM and colorectal cancer. From hsa miR-182-3p a total of 9 validated target genes were identified, and most of them are involved in MAPK, mTOR, cell cycle, and insulin signaling pathways which are key pathways implicated in both diseases. Conclusion: This study indicates that hsa-miR-182-3p may serve as a molecular mediator linking the pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM, such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, with colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, and may hold potential as a biomarker.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alexander Ryan Wihardja, Ana Lucia Ekowati, Ferbian Milas Siswanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude toward BSE Behavior for Early Breast Cancer Detection among Atma Jaya Hospital Nurses
Introduction : Breast cancer is a frequently occurring type of cancer in Indonesia, with symptoms of rapid and invasive growth of abnormal cells. Deaths due to this cancer can be reduced by avoiding risk factors and early detection, such as through breast self-examination (BSE). Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding BSE is important for early detection, especially for nurses as health workers. This study assessed the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards BSE behavior among Atma Jaya Hospital nurses. Methods: This is an analytical observational study employing a cross-sectional design, involving 105 samples selected through purposive sampling according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables in this study include knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding breast self-examination (BSE). Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents and will be statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square test (x2) with a significance level (a) = 5%, and the analysis will be conducted using STATA software. Results: Based on the data analysis, there is no correlation between knowledge and attitude toward the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), with p-values of 0.623 and 0.994. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between Knowledge and Attitude towards BSE Behavior. Keywords: BSE Attitude - BSE Behavior - BSE Knowledge
Copyright (c) 2025 Zita Arieselia, Sandy Vitria Kurniawan, Lonah, Linawati Hananta, Freggy Spicano Joprang, Edward Surjono, Jonny Setiawan, Andrew Liputra, Jennifer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparison of Effectiveness of Milling Time of Avocado Seed Extract for Lowering Blood Glucose Level in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rat
Introduction:Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence. Effective management is crucial to prevent acute and long-term complications. Natural products, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds, have gained attention for their potential antidiabetic properties due to their rich phytochemical content. Methods: This experimental study used male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into two main groups based on blood glucose status (normal and diabetic), with each group further subdivided based on the milling duration of avocado seed extract (5 and 10 minutes). The extract was administered orally at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer before and after the treatment period. Results: Avocado seed extract demonstrated a glucose-lowering effect in both treatment groups. Rats treated with extract milled for 5 minutes showed a mean reduction in blood glucose of 25.13 mg/dL, while those receiving extract milled for 10 minutes exhibited a greater reduction of 45.88 mg/dL. Although the group treated with the 10-minute extract showed a higher decrease, statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test revealed no significant difference in glucose-lowering efficacy between the two milling durations (P > 0.05). Conclusions:Avocado seed extract, regardless of milling duration, has potential antihyperglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. However, the variation in milling time between 5 and 10 minutes did not significantly influence the extract’s effectiveness. Further research with longer intervention periods, standardized phytochemical content, and inclusion of a positive control is recommended to validate its therapeutic potential. Keywords: Avocado Seed Extract; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Sprague Dawley Rats; Milling Duration
Copyright (c) 2025 Jojor Lamsihar Manalu, Josephine Caesarlia, Rita Dewi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating The CURB-65 Score for Prognostic Assessment in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Several instruments and biomarkers have been used to assess the severity and predict outcomes in COVID-19 patients, each with varying sensitivity levels. One such tool is the CURB-65 score—an acronym for Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and age ≥65 years—which has traditionally been used to evaluate the severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Its application in COVID-19 patients aims to identify clinical deterioration and assist in risk stratification. Accurate prognosis is essential to guide clinical management and reduce mortality. However, the utility of the CURB-65 score in predicting outcomes in COVID-19 patients remains a subject of debate. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the CURB-65 score in determining the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Methods:This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published between 2020 and 2022 were identified through searches using predefined keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO databases. Studies of all designs that assessed the CURB-65 score concerning COVID-19 outcomes were considered for inclusion. Results: Ten studies were included in this review, evaluating the CURB-65 score's effectiveness in predicting various outcomes in COVID-19 patients, including overall mortality, 30-day mortality, adverse outcomes, need for organ support, ICU admission and intervention, critical illness, mechanical ventilation, and 72-hour mortality. Seven out of ten studies demonstrated good prognostic performance of the CURB-65 score, with sensitivity greater than 80% or an Area Under the Curve (AUC) exceeding 0.80 for predicting mortality. Conclusion: The CURB-65 score shows promising utility in predicting mortality among COVID-19 patients and may perform better than several other prognostic tools. Its simplicity and accessibility make it a valuable aid in clinical decision-making, although further validation in different populations may be warranted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunisa Astiarani, Gabriella Aninda Puspita Sari, Kevin Kristian http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Self-Protection against UV Exposure: Behavioral Patterns and Phototype Correlations among Medical Students in North Jakarta, Indonesia
Introduction: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause significant skin damage, including cancer. This study examines sun protection behaviors among medical students in North Jakarta, despite their knowledge of UV risks, and correlates these behaviors with Fitzpatrick skin types. Understanding these behaviors helps inform targeted interventions to promote sun safety among future healthcare professionals. Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional approached on 230 respondents consisting of medical students, conducted through online questionnaires within 3-month period on a systematic random sampling method. Data on demographic data, Fitzpatrick skin type scale, and 5 questions on self-protection behavior obtained was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation and chi-square analysis, p < 0.05 indicating a significant relationship. Results: Type III, IV, and V are the most common Fitzpatrick’s phototypes found on subjects where 69.6% of students had low sun protection behavior. Male exhibit lower sun protection behavior than female, and there was no relationship between students’ Fitzpatrick's skin type and sun protection behavior, (p = 0.112). Conclusions: Sun protection behavior among medical students at FKIK UAJ is low. There is a correlation between gender and sun protection behavior, but no correlation between Fitzpatrick's skin type and sun protection behavior among the students. The study reveals that medical students, especially males, exhibit low sun protection behaviors despite their knowledge of UV risks, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions. These findings are crucial for medical education and public health, making them relevant for journals focused on preventive medicine, dermatology, and medical education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jesslyn Alvina, Zita Arieselia, Regina Regina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Gut Microbiota Modulation Effects of Kombucha: a Literature Review
Introduction: The interest in probiotics has increased significantly in recent years. While most probiotic-containing foods are dairy-based, an increasing number of non-dairy probiotic products have emerged, including kombucha. Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage originating from China, known for its high polyphenol content and potential health benefits. Methods: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the health benefits of kombucha. A systematic search of published studies was conducted using the keywords "kombucha," "antioxidant," "anti-inflammatory," "antimicrobial," and "gut microbiota modulation." Only English-language articles were included, and there was no restriction on publication date to capture the full spectrum of research on kombucha. Results: Kombucha exhibits significant antioxidant capacity, with green tea kombucha demonstrating the highest Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) due to its high polyphenol content. Additionally, kombucha possesses antimicrobial properties attributed to organic acids, lactones, aldehydes, fatty acids, and alkaloids, which act synergistically. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide production and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, kombucha modulates gut microbiota composition by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, leading to reduced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Kombucha, a traditional fermented tea, has notable health benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulating properties. These findings highlight its potential as a functional beverage for health promotion. Keywords: kombucha – antioxidant - anti-inflammatory – antimicrobial - gut microbiota modulation
Copyright (c) 2025 Linawati Hananta, Sandy Vitria Kurniawan, Lonah, Zita Arieselia, Edward Surjono, Jonny Setiawan, Andrew Lieputra, Dewi Puspa Bunardi, Jason Prayoga Tjendratama, Richelle Vallerie Satyadi, Rita Dewi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Urban Health Data in India: Mapping Gaps & Solutions
Inadequacies of current health information systems in capturing the diverse health needs and vulnerabilities within urban populations, emphasizing the need to move beyond fragmented traditional data collection approaches. By incorporating emerging technologies and enhancing governance structures, such as strengthening coordination mechanisms and promoting transparency, urban health stakeholders can overcome data gaps and better address the evolving health landscape. Keywords: urban health - urban health data - digital health - health systems
Copyright (c) 2024 Vibhor Kumar, Ashwin Deshmukh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Epigenetic Alterations in Aging: A Brief Review
Background: Extensive studies have reported the involvement of epigenetic dynamics in aging. Common epigenetic modifications in aging include the methylation of DNA, rearrangement of chromatin, and regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Some important conclusions that have emerged from various studies in the past few decades are that the lifespan of living organisms is largely determined by epigenetics instead of genetics, where environmental and lifestyle influences that change epigenetic information have a dominant effect. Purpose: This study aims to review current understanding of the mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation during aging that would provide new insights for the development of strategies to prevent aging. Methods: A search for literature regarding epigenetic regulations in biological aging was carried out in Web of Science and Scopus on “epigenetics” [AND] “aging”. In this study, we used a total of 73 articles published between 2010 and 2024. Results: Aging is accompanied by various alterations in epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation (global hypomethylation in non-CpG regions and hypermethylation OF CpG islands), rearrangement of chromatin (global reduction of histones and redistribution of histone modifications), and ncRNA (particularly miRNA). Epigenetic is a reversible molecular mechanism that allow therapeutic interventions to improve or reverse aging-related pathogenesis. Chemical-based epigenetic manipulation and lifestyle-based epigenetic reprogramming strategies can be developed to improve or reverse aging-related conditions. Conclusion: Based on extensive literature review, we found that epigenetic changes are potential biomarkers for early detection of aging and age-related diseases. Drugs that target key epigenetic signatures are therefore promising to intervene aging. Keywords: aging - age-related disease - biomarker - epigenetic regulation
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Lucia Ekowati, Ferbian Milas Siswanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Driving and Back Pain among Online Motorcyclist Transportation in Jakarta
Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder in the form of pain in the lower back caused by various factors. One of the common factors is work. Work factors that can cause LBP are body position, posture, workplace design, repetition, duration of work, and work that forces labor. One of the risky jobs is being an online motorbike taxi driver (“Ojek”), one of Jakarta's most popular transportation types. By using an application to call, an online “Ojek” not only acts as a means of transporting people or goods but can also be used to buy goods and order food. The prolonged sitting position in static conditions and limited space to move around contribute to LBP in “Ojek” drivers. This study investigates the association between driving duration and LBP in “Ojek” drivers. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach on 63 male online “Ojek” drivers aged 25-35 with normal BMI who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in the Central Jakarta area in November-December 2019. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. Duration of the driving questionnaire and Nordic Low Back Pain Questionnaire were used to gather the data. A bivariate analysis test was conducted with a chi-square statistical test with p ≤ 0,05. Results: Thirty-eight online ‘Ojek” drivers (60.32%) reported having LBP in the last 12 months. Bivariate analysis by chi-square statistical test found that the p-value equals 0.414 between driving duration and incidence. Conclusion: Driving duration is unrelated to the incidence of lower back pain. LBP is most common in drivers driving more than 8 hours daily. Keywords: driving duration - online drivers - low back pain - prolonged sitting - static condition
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Rahadian Tanjung, Wanda Permata Prihastanti Tan, Mariani Santosa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of Coffee Consumption on Acne Vulgaris Severity in Atma Jaya Medical Students in Jakarta, Indonesia
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common multifactorial skin disease. With diet as one of the possible factors, the rising habit of coffee consumption may have its own effects on acne. In present time, there is a lack of study between coffee consumption and acne vulgaris as well as the relationship between the two topics. This study aimed to analyze the effects of coffee consumption on acne severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022 on 106 Atma Jaya medical students in Jakarta, Indonesia, who has acne and consumed coffee in the past month when the study was performed. The students were asked to fill a questionnaire about demographic and filtering questions along with questions about coffee consumption in the past month based on Diet History Questionnaire III (DHQ III). Acne lesion observations on the face, upper back, and chest were then performed on every individual to calculate acne severity based on Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Results: Students who only drank black coffee tend to have lower acne severity score (mean±SD: 19.69±5.68) than those who drank coffee mixtures beverages (mean±SD: 25.41±5.11) (p-value<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between acne severity scores and amount of black coffee consumed (p-value=0.001). On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between acne severity scores and amount of coffee mixtures beverages consumed (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the types and amount of coffee consumed had significant effects on acne vulgaris severity in medical students. Keywords: acne vulgaris - black coffee - coffee mixtures
Copyright (c) 2024 Tiffanie Natasha, Lorettha Wijaya, Tena Djuartina, Zita Arieselia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing the Correlation between Spicy Food Consumption and Dyspepsia Symptoms in Medical and Health Students at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
Introduction: The capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) content in spicy foods can trigger irritation and increase gastric acid production, which potentially damages the stomach mucous layer by increasing chloric acid levels (HCl). It is known that dyspepsia has a variety of causes and one of them can be triggered by the consumption of irritating foods, such as spicy foods. Therefore, the research was conducted to determine whether there was a significant relationship between the consumption of spicy foods and the incidence of dyspepsia in students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Methods: This research method is an analytical observational study using cross-sectional methods. The main variables in this study were dyspepsia, measured using the Rome III questionnaire, and the frequency of spicy food consumption measured using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The sample consisted of 107 people randomly selected. The data was analyzed statistically using the Fischer Exact test. Results: This study showed that 56.1% of respondents frequently eat spicy foods, while the majority, as much as 95.3%, also have dyspepsia. There was a significant correlation between spicy eating habits and dyspepsia, with a p-value of 0.014 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed a statistically significant relationship between spicy eating habits and dyspepsia, so it is recommended for students to reduce spicy food consumption as it can affect the onset of dyspepsia. Keywords: dyspepsia - spicy foods - stomach - Rome III questionnaire - food frequency questionnaire
Copyright (c) 2024 Lonah, Zita Arieselia, Sandy Vitria Kurniawan, Linawati Hananta, Jonny Setiawan, Edward Surjono, Mariani Santosa, Evi Ulina Margareta Situmorang, Tan Fei Fan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Association between Smoking Cigarettes and Anxiety among High School Students
Introduction: Cigarette use and nicotine dependence in adolescents are increasing. Nicotine dependence can cause anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and anxiety in high school students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a case-control design. 160 male students (80 with anxiety, 80 without anxiety) participated in the study. Active smokers were students who smoke, and non-smokers were students who did not smoke at the time of data acquisition. Anxiety was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) instrument. Chi-square was applied to analyze the association between smoking habits and anxiety. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The number of smokers and non-smokers were 75 (47%) and 85 (53%). Most students had mild-moderate anxiety (76/95%). Among students with anxiety, 48 (60%) were smokers, while in students without anxiety, only 27 (33.7%) were smokers. Anxiety was associated with smoking habits (OR 2.94, 95%CI 1.55 – 5.61, p=0.001). Conclusions: Smokers have a 2.9 possibility of experiencing anxiety compared to non-smokers in high school students. Keywords: nicotine dependency - cigarette use - anxiety - high school students - negative outcome.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriel Kevin Leman, Nicholas Hardi, Aila Johanna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Food Addiction Prevalence and its Association with COVID-19 Related Stress among Clinical Rotation Medical Students in Jakarta
Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between food addiction and stress among clinical rotation medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. While prior research has examined the impact of mental and physical well-being on medical students, the exploration of food addiction in this demographic has been limited. Methods: The survey study includes 355 clinical-level medical students. Stress levels are assessed using the Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) questionnaire, while food addiction is evaluated with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 questionnaire. Comparative analysis was performed to see the association between food addiction and the stress level related to COVID-19. Results: Both questionnaires indicate good validity and reliability measures. Medical students exhibited lower stress levels during the pandemic than the general population. Approximately 30.1% of students showed signs of food addiction, with most cases classified as mild. Food addiction was significantly higher among women, partially influenced by the dominant presence of female students. The study reveals a significant connection between food addiction and stress levels among medical students (p<0.001). Those with moderate and severe food addiction experience notably higher stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of food addiction among medical students and its association with increased stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. It underscores the need for further research and support mechanisms to address food addiction and stress management among medical students, ultimately promoting their overall well-being and academic success.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yunisa Astiarani, Helen, Michelle, Nur Fitriah, Vetinly http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mother’s Knowledge and Attitude Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention in Under Two Children in Lewoleba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Introduction: This study investigates the correlation between maternal knowledge and attitudes and their impact on preventing Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in under two children in Lewoleba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. With a focus on this region with limited prior research, the study explores howa mother's understanding and approach toward ARI prevention measures may contribute to improved child health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study investigated the association between maternal knowledge and attitudes and their impact on preventing ARIs in children under two years old in Lewoleba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The study administered structured questionnaires to gather data on maternal knowledge and attitude toward ARIs, behavior toward prevention, and demographic information. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis to evaluate the association. Results: Of 144 respondents, 81.3% showed high ARI knowledge, but only 54.9% had positive attitudes, and 53.2% exhibited good behaviors. The Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with ARI behavior (P<0.05) among mothers with children aged 0-24 months in Lewoleba Primary Health Centre, Nubatukan District, Lembata Regency. Specifically, mothers with high knowledge had a 2.31 prevalence ratio (PR) for good ARI-related behaviors compared to those with low ability. In contrast, those with positive attitudes had a 1.52 PR for such behaviors. Conclusions: This study revealed a connection between mothers' knowledge and attitudes concerning ARI in children under two and their preventive actions. Despite a relative scarcity of good behaviors compared to strong knowledge and positive attitudes, the findings underscore that higher knowledge scores and more positive attitudes lead to significantly better behavioral outcomes. Keywords: acute respiratory infections - attitude - behavior - knowledge - prevention.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yunisa Astiarani, Maria, Yeremias, Bryany http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Understanding Stunting in Toddlers: Factors Impacting Knowledge Levels among FKIKUAJ Medical Students (2017-2020)
Introduction: Stunting is short stature in children due to chronic malnutrition in the first 1000 days of life. Medical students' knowledge plays an important role in preventing stunting. This study aims to determine the factors that are associated with the level of knowledge of FKIK-UAJ students class 2017- 2020 about stunting in children under five. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of FKIK-UAJ students class of 2017-2020. Data collection using a questionnaire and data analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The total respondents were 136 students with 135 included in the inclusion criteria and 1 person included in the exclusion criteria. The 135 students who filled out the questionnaire were dominated by female gender, class of 2020, clinic education stage, had not participated in the pediatrics clerkship, and had never participated in activities on stunting or child health with the level of knowledge obtained was in the good category 13.3%, sufficient 51.9% and less 34.8%. The chi-square test found that the factors of class (p=0,045), stage of education (p=0,023), and pediatrics clerkship (p=0,039) influenced the level of knowledge about stunting while gender (p=0,688) and activities about stunting or child health (p=0,903) had no effect. Conclusions: The results showed that the factors of class, stage of education, and pediatrics clerkshiphada relationship with the level of knowledge about stunting. Keywords: stunting - knowledge - students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Leonardo Ongga, Junita Elvira Pandji Surya, Poppy Kristina Sasmita http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pharmacogenomic Role in Cytochrome P450 Enzymes-Mediated Metabolism for Drug Therapy
The rapid development of genetic science in recent decades has provided opportunities for clinical implementation. In the field of pharmacology, this opens up hope for the use of more targeted drugs with fewer side effects.Genetic variation's influence on pharmacological response has been well-established in practice. Patients' responses to pharmacological therapies can be varied, ranging from positive effects to serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Numerous genetic variations have been found to have a major impact on how people react to routinely prescribed medications over time, according to experts. In order to use this genetic information to inform treatment choices, a pharmacogenomic (PGx) profile can be used. PGx works on identifying and validating genomic variations that affect drug response. The generic approach to healthcare has given way to a more individualized and precise treatment paradigm as it has developed. Keywords: Adverse Drug Reactions - Genetic Variants – Pharmacogenomics - Cytochrome P450
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), Genetic variants, Pharmacogenomics (PGx)
Copyright (c) 2023 Lonah, Zita Arieselia, Jonny Setiawan, Rita Dewi, Maria Dara Novi Handayani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Avocado Seed Extract through Milling on Reducing Triglyceride in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Background : Hypertriglyceridemia is a condition in which there is an increase in triglycerides in the blood. This increase is influenced by foods that contain extra calories. Hypertriglyceridemia can cause disturbances in the body in the form of cardiovascular disease. Methods : The study used experimental methods on male Sprague Dawley rats. The research sample used fourteen rats which were divided into a control group and a treatment group. All experimental mice were induced to become hyperlipidemic by PTU14 gram/kg for 14 day. The control group was not given any treatment. The treatment group was given avocado seed extract 250 mg/kg for 14 day. Avocado seed extract is obtained through crushing and extraction processes. The statistic we used in this study is paired T-test. Results : In the control group, there was no decrease in triglyceride levels with an average of 134.78 mg / dL. In the treatment group there was a decrease in the average triglyceride levels both after seven days of giving avocado seed extract on (day 28) 127.92 md / dL and after fourteen days of giving avocado seed extract on (day 35) 124.21 mg / dL. Conclusion: Giving of avocado seed extract by grinding method for 30 minutes selama sekian hari had an effect in reducing triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Keywords: Avocado Seed Extract - Sprague Dawley Rats - Triglyceride Level.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rita Dewi, Jojor Lamsihar Manalu, Yulia Tanti, Maria Dara, Alexander Yose http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Correlation of Caffeine Levels Consumption with Sleep Quality Levels of Active Students
Introduction: Caffeine is one of the many stimulants found in popular foods and beverages consumed bythe global population. Caffeine has many benefits if it is consumed in accordance with recommended daily doses, such as reducing fatigue and facilitating activity. Caffeine consumption in excess is detrimental to the body, particularly the quality of sleep. Numerous students consume caffeine with the intention of enhancing daytime performance, but they disregard its negative effects, particularly on sleep quality. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data collected with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a questionnaire for caffeine content based on BPOM for active students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, classes of 2019–2021. The Spearman test was performed to determine the relationship between the independent variable (caffeine intake) and the dependent variable (sleep quality levels). Results: There were forty respondents who satisfied the inclusion criteria. 20% of respondents had good sleep quality, whereas 80% of respondents had poor sleep quality. 60% of respondents consumed low amounts of caffeine or none at all (<32 mg), while 40% consumed high amounts of caffeine (>151mg). The analysis utilizing the Spearman test revealed that some outcomes had no effect (p = 0.876) while others did (r = 0.026). Conclusions: There is no correlation between caffeine consumption and sleep quality among active students at Atma Jaya Catholic University's School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yellica Veronica, Heidy, Nelson Sudiyono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring The Tasting System and Clinical Significance of Taste Disorders: A Narrative Review
Introduction: This review took an in-depth look at the intricate anatomy of taste buds, unveiling their complex structure and function, delved into the fascinating mechanisms that underlie taste transmission, shedding light on how sensory information is relayed from the taste buds to the brain, enabling us to perceive and differentiate various flavors. Result and Discussions: This narrative review indicates that diverse factors can induce changes in taste buds, ranging from genetic predispositions to external influences such as medications and lifestyle habits. By comprehensively understanding these factors, healthcare professionals and researchers can better identify the root causes of taste problems and devise effective management strategies. Recognizing the clinical significance of taste-related issues is crucial in providing appropriate care and support to individuals experiencing taste disorders. Conclusions: Despite significant advancements in understanding the gustatory function and molecular mechanisms of taste receptor cells, there still needs to be a comprehensive clinical understanding regarding the underlying causes and mechanisms of taste disorders in humans. Keywords: Tasting System - Taste Disorder – Gustatory - Clinical Significance
Copyright (c) 2023 Giovani Indah Giantoro Putri, Soehartono, Yunisa Astiarani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cervical Cancer Campaign: Correlation Between HPV Vaccine and Cervical Cancer Knowledge with HPV Vaccination Rate
Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks second for the highest cancer cases in Indonesia. The main cause is recurring HPV infection. HPV infection commonly occurs when transmission by skin-to-skin contact or skin to mucosa contact is enough to spread it. One prevention effort is HPV vaccination, but there are still obstacles such as a lack of education and expensive prices. Methods: This study is an analytic cross-sectional study. Data was collected from February through March of 2023 gathering a total of 121 respondents. Questionnaires are used for data collection with 10 questions concerning cervical cancer and 11 questions regarding HPV vaccine knowledge. The Fisher exact probability test was used as bivariate analysis. Results: This study shows that students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia have great knowledge regarding cervical cancer, adequate and great knowledge concerning the HPV vaccine with the majority reporting not being vaccinated (69,4%). Bivariate analysis shows no significant correlation between cervical cancer and HPV vaccine knowledge with HPV vaccination rate (p = 0,499 and p = 0,808). Conclusions: There is no significant correlation between cervical cancer and HPV vaccine knowledge with HPV vaccination rate among preclinical students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2023 Mariani Santosa, Ashley Karin Anjaya, Veronica Dwi Jani Juliawati, Robi Irawan, Yuliana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship of Nutrition Literacy, Eating Pattern, and Nutritional Status among Medical Students
Introduction: Nutrition literacy is the ability to search, obtain, understand, and apply nutrition information. Low nutrition literacy may cause a negative impact in eating patterns and nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutrition literacy with eating pattern and nutritional status among medical students in the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study among 97 medical students of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Nutrition literacy was measured with The Newest Vital Sign questionnaire. Food consumption data was collected with the 24-hours recall questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured based on body mass index (BMI). Research data were analyzed using the Rank Spearman test. Results: Based on the data analysis, there were 66% of students with adequate nutrition literacy, 66,3% of students with improper diet, and 44,3% of students with normal nutritional status. The bivariate result showed that there was no association between nutrition literacy with nutritional status (P = 0,057), nutrition literacy and eating pattern for carbohydrates (P = 0,562), protein (P = 0,876), and fat (P = 0,569). Conclusions: There was no association between nutrition literacy with eating pattern and nutritional status among medical students in the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2023 Theresia Widyakirana Noviandewi, Prissilia Nanny Djaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Coffee Consumption on Acute Increased Blood Pressure in Normotensive Teens
Introduction: Caffeine has been known to elevate blood pressure. However, the effect of drinking coffee on blood pressure varied among studies. This study examines the impact of coffee on the acute response of blood pressure in a late adolescent with normal blood pressure. Method: This cross-sectional study with a cross-over design involving 16 male and late female adolescents. The intervention group subjects drank a glass of 200 ml of Robusta coffee (commercial brand), while the control group drank plain water. After a 7-day washout, the intervention group became the control group and vice versa. A paired t-test was applied to evaluate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) before and after the intervention. The significance was set at p<0.05. Results: SBP and DBP in the control group were unchanged (Δ0.8 and 0.6 mmHg, p=0.237 and 0.584, respectively). SBP and DBP in the intervention group were significantly elevated (Δ8.4 and 8.1 mmHg, p<0.01 and <0.01, respectively). Discussion: Our findings demonstrated that coffee increases SBP and DBP significantly in the late adolescent with normal BP. Increased sympathetic tones and blocking adenosine receptors are suggested to increase BP. However, some limitations were also found, so the results should be interpreted carefully. Conclusion: A 200 ml coffee (Robusta) increased SBP and DBP in late adolescents with normal blood pressure. Keywords: Caffeine - Blood Pressure - Sympathetic Activity - Adenosine Receptor - Phosphodiesterase
Copyright (c) 2023 Eunike Jennifer Tandiono, Ecie Budiyanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association between Excess Body Mass Index towards Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among Medical Students at the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia During the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic brought several effects on one’s daily activity, such as reduced physical activity, increased anxiety and stress towards their environment, and a sleep disorder called Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. EDS is often found in undergraduate students. Many factors could cause EDS, one of which is excessive fat consumption. This study was conducted because of the significant impact that COVID-19 brought on EDS and BMI. In addition, due to the high prevalence of excess BMI, the researcher wanted medical students aged 18 years or above as the target. Methods: This study used observational analysis with a cross sectional method. It used Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire distributed online from October to November 2022. The respondents were 108 (46 male, 62 female) pre-clinical students from the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (FKIK UAJ), who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A bivariate analysis test was conducted with a chi-square statistical test with p ≤ 0,05. Results: Seventy respondents (64,9%) had Excess Body Mass Index (BMI), thirty-six respondents (78,3%) were male, and thirty four respondents (54,8%) were female. Sixty-eight respondents (62,9%) experienced Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) post-COVID-19 pandemic; also, forty two respondents (67,7%) were female, and the rest (56,5%) were male. There is a significant association between excess Body Mass Index (BMI) towards Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS). (p=0,002) Seventy respondents (64,9%) had Excess Body Mass Index (BMI), thirty-six of them (78,3%) were male, and the other thirty-four (54,8%) were female. Sixty eight respondents (62,9%) experienced Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) post COVID-19 pandemic; also, forty-two respondents (67,7%) were female, and the rest (56,5%) were male. A chi-square statistical test was used, and the results found that the p-value equals 0.002. Conclusions: There is a significant association between excess Body Mass Index (BMI) towards Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in medical students of the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia post- COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Post COVID-19 - Excess Body Mass Index - Excessive Daytime Sleepiness – Medical Students – Pandemic
Copyright (c) 2023 Denise Aurellia, Julia Rahadian Tanjung, Laurentius Aswin Pramono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Formulation of Hairspray from Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) with Antimicrobial Properties
Introduction: Indonesia is a tropical country with high temperatures and humidity. Poor personal hygiene can trigger bacteria to grow and multiply. According to research, bacteria that are usually found in skin and hair including Staphylococcus aureus (37%), followed by Escherichia coli (17%). Use of antibacterial hairspray is expected to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the scalp and hair. Using natural ingredients, i.e., cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves, in the form of antibacterial hairspray preparations, is expected not to irritate the scalp, be more eco-friendly, and the raw materials are easily obtained. Methods: The preparation of cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves extract was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethanol (simplisia : solvent = 1:10). Furthermore, the extract was then evaluated for phytochemical content, formulation optimization, and antibacterial activity. Afterward, formulation and preparation, and lastly, its evaluation in the form of an organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, homogeneity test, spreadability test, adhesion test, and product stability test. Results: The results of phytochemical screening of flavonoid compounds and tannins from cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves extract resulted in a positive reaction. The minimum inhibitory level of cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria was 40 mg/ml. Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves extract was then formulated into hairspray dosage forms with different concentrations of extract in Formula A (0.1%), Formula B (0.3%), and Formula C (0.5%). Conclusions: The hairspray formula that had the best stability after passing the freeze-thaw cycling test and physical evaluation of the preparation during storage for 28 days was Formula C. The parameters of the observed hairspray were organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Keywords: Hairspray - Cherry Leaves – Stability - Antibacterial
Copyright (c) 2023 Pretty Falena Atmanda Kambira, Reynelda Juliani Sagala, Karmil Tri Nanda http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Potential Factors related to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Indonesia: A Literature Review
Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has become a burden to the world's health system, in which strategic measures are needed, especially vaccination. However, numbers of challenge have been reported regarding the so-called most effective public health intervention, such as vaccine hesitancy. On top of that, WHO has acknowledged vaccine hesitancy in the top list of 10 most dangerous threats to global health. The spectrum related to the reluctance to receive vaccination in society has also occurred in previous infectious diseases management and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to identify factors and mechanism related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia. Method: This study provided a review of 14 literatures from 2019 to 2021 using ProQuest and Google Scholar discovered through the selected keywords. The SAGE WG model for vaccine hesitancy framework was used as the main reference in identifying and explaining the associated factors of phenomenon. Results: Based on the analysis of framework, determinants related to confidence crucial in affecting the acceptance level of COVID-19 vaccine in the community. In regard to that aspect, various factors within the scope of individual and social influences, vaccine and vaccination-specific issues, as well as contextual influences may well-explained the plausible mechanism that build hesitancy over vaccination. Accordingly, this study found that mistrust and skepticism related to the effectiveness of vaccine, safety concerns, and adverse reactions discouraged people from getting vaccinated. Furthermore, religious matters such as unavailable halal certification, along with poor socioeconomical factors, and misinformation that were spread through the media also prevent people to receive COVID-19 vaccine and risk the development of herd-immunity toward COVID-19 in the community. Conclusions: Various factors were identified regarding the development of vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia. Understanding the plausible factors and mechanism that prevented people to get COVID-19 vaccine are substantial to strategically address the phenomenon and successfully manage the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Keywords: COVID-19 – Indonesia - vaccine hesitancy – asia – outbreak - prevention
Copyright (c) 2023 Kevin Kristian, Anisya Lutfia Andini, Fransiska Eka Putri, Julian, Karina Sylvana, Kenji Sungkhar, Mentari Artanti Jelita, Mikhael Aditya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association between Stress and Tension-Type Headaches in Medical Students of the School of Medicine & Health Science, Atma Jaya University
Introduction: Stress is the body's response to threatening external stimuli. Many medical students experience stress. Stress that medical students share can be caused by learning demands, interpersonal problems, and other things. Even though stress is daily, excessive stress can also cause various health problems, including headaches. Headache is the most common neurological problem in the world. There are several types of headaches, one of which is tension headaches. However, the relationship between stress and headaches, especially tension-type headaches in medical students, has yet to be widely studied. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic observational study, on 120 pre-clinical students (22 males, 98 females) aged 18-21 from the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University in Jakarta. The questionnaire used to measure the respondent's stress levels were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and Headache Screening Questionnaire (HSQ) to determine the respondent's headache. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square method, with a p-value <0.05. Results: Out of 120 students, 74.2% experienced stress within normal limits, while 9.2%, 10%, 5%, and 1.7% reported experiencing mild, moderate, severe, and very severe stress levels, respectively. 30.8% of students experienced tension-type headaches, and 69.2% of students did not. The result obtained from the chi-square bivariate test was p = 0.188. Conclusions: There is no association between stress and tension-type headaches in medical students of the School of Medicine & Health Science, Atma Jaya University. Keywords: stress, tension-type headache, DASS-42, HSQ
Copyright (c) 2023 Julia Rahadian Tanjung, Callista Anastasya, Mariani Santosa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Snack Consumption on Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has been determined as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As an effort to reduce transmission, the government has announced several policies that encourage working from home, which will increase snack time. This will have an impact on increased calorie intake and risk of obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the effect in young adults that requires balanced nutrition. This study aims to understand whether snacks consumption has an effect on body mass index and body fat percentage in university students. Methods : A total of 76 pre-clinical students from Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia participated in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted during the pandemic. The data was collected using anthropometric measurement, Snacks-Food Frequency Questionnaire, and body fat scale. Chi-square analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results : 52.9% of the subjects were female, 42.9% had normal body mass index, 48.6% had normal body fat percentage, 52.9% rarely eats healthy snacks, 51.4% often eats unhealthy snacks. According to statistical calculations, there are significant effects on unhealthy snacks consumption with body mass index (p=0.033) and body fat percentage (p=0.013). Conclusions : There are significant effects of snacks consumption on body mass index and body fat percentage in Atma Jaya Pre-clinical Students during COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Young Adult, COVID-19, Snacks Consumptions, Fat Mass, S-FFQ, Body Mass Index
Copyright (c) 2023 Clemarie Tholib, Prissilia Nanny Djaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Association between Knowledge and Attitude of Ergonomic Sitting Position to Sitting Posture and Duration among Medical Students
Introduction: Medical students may spend more time sitting and learning. However, ignorance of the ergonomic sitting position and long sitting duration can lead them to an incorrect sitting position and high sedentary activity. Thus, this study investigated the association between knowledge and attitude towards ergonomic sitting position to sitting duration and posture among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 30 students of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to participants and consisted of 2 parts, the first part included personal data, while the second part contained knowledge, attitude, and practice (sitting duration and posture). Fisher’s exact test and Fisher-Freeman-Halton were applied. The confidence interval was 95%, and the significance level (alpha) was 0.05. Results: 23.3% of the participants have good knowledge about ergonomics sitting position, 40% have adequate knowledge, and 56.7% have a positive attitude towards ergonomics sitting position. 60% of the participants spent sitting time more than 8 hours a day, and 43.3% of the participants had a straight sitting posture. Fisher’s test showed no significant association between ergonomic knowledge and chair sitting duration (p= 0.933) and ergonomic attitude and chair sitting duration (p= 0.711). Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test showed no significant association between ergonomic knowledge and sitting posture on a chair (p= 0.699) and ergonomics attitude and chair sitting posture (p= 1.000). Conclusions: There was no association between knowledge of ergonomics sitting position with sitting duration and sitting posture and attitude of ergonomics sitting position with sitting duration and sitting posture. Keywords: knowledge – attitude - sitting duration - sitting posture - sitting ergonomics
Copyright (c) 2023 Gilbert Yavin Sutanto, Hadiyanto Usman, Ignatio Rika Haryono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Cumulative Achievement Index of Medical Student in Atma Jaya Faculty of Medicine Batch 2018
Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is the inability to maintain wakefulness and alertness during the major waking episodes of the day, with sleep occurring unintentionally or at inappropriate times almost daily for at least three months. Poor concentration is commonly reported as a symptom of EDS and frequently disrupt academic performance in the learning activity. This study aims to determine the relationship between EDS and cumulative achievement index (GPA) among medical undergraduates at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Methods: This research is an analytic observation research with cross-sectional data collection on 180 respondents out of the 2018 class of preclinical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. The data collection methods used were the ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and cumulative achievement index (IPK) questionnaires. Demographic variables were also measured. Data were analyzed using the statistic software SPSS with a chi-square test (α ≥0,05). Results: From 180 respondents, 52,8% had EDS, 25% of the total had mild EDS, 16,1% had moderate EDS, and 11,7% with severe EDS. The cumulative achievement index found in respondents mostly ranged from moderate (43,3%) to high (42,3%). The rest had low scores. Furthermore, 25% of respondents had a high IPK score with EDS, 22% had a moderate IPK score with EDS, 5,4% had a low IPK score with EDS, 18,5% had a high IPK score without EDS, 22% had a moderate IPK score without EDS, and the rest 7,1% had low IPK score without EDS. Analysis with chi-square showed no significant relationship between EDS and IPK (P=0,425). Conclusions: There was no relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and cumulative achievement index of medical students in Atma Jaya Faculty of Medicine and Health Batch 2018.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jessica Clara Andriani, Jimmy Fransisco Abadinta Barus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
COVID-19-related Myocarditis: Current Issue in Pandemic Situation
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide medical issue since it is easily transmitted from human to human. The human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) expression gives access to SARS-CoV-2 through its affinity with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Right after the patient has been infected with SARS-CoV-2, subsequently, it may lead to COVID-19 related myocarditis. However, there is still no practical guideline and it significantly affects morbidity and mortality status of COVID-19 patient. In this case report, we are showing challenges in diagnose and treat COVID-19 related myocarditis. Case presentation: A-45 years old man was referred to our hospital from Emergency Hospital for COVID-19 Kemayoran Athletes Village with typical chest pain. He felt a crushing sensation in his chest and it was intensifying every minute. The ECG examination showed ST-segment elevation in all precordial lead and inferior lead. His laboratory work revealed a significant increase of inflammation and cardiac troponin marker. His angiography examination came up with non-significant lesion. Unfortunately, biopsy couldn’t be done due to pandemic limitation. We were diagnosing the patient with COVID-19 related myocarditis and one week after treatment he was discharged from hospital. Currently, there were no diagnostic and treatment guideline for COVID-19 related myocarditis. Conclusion: COVID-19 has become a novel glitch in medical practice situations. Not only lung, but it involves many other organs, and the heart is one of the most common organs involved. One of the cardiac complications of COVID-19 infection is COVID-19 related myocarditis. Currently, there is no guideline in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 related myocarditis and we are encouraging the international society to put an eye on it.