Pengaruh asap rokok terhadap infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah pada pediatri di RSUD Lewoleba, Nusa Tenggara Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v25i1.4803Keywords:
infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah, paparan rokok, pediatriAbstract
Pendahuluan: Infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah (ISPB) adalah penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia, terutama pada anak di bawah lima tahun. Paparan asap rokok di lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan untuk penyakit pernapasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi adanya hubungan paparan asap rokok terhadap ISPB pada anak.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada 50 pasien anak usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun yang terdiagnosis ISPB (pneumonia, bronkiolitis dan bronkitis akut) di RSUD Lewoleba, Nusa Tenggara Timur sejak bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan anamnesis perilaku merokok orang tua, pemeriksaan fisik, dan penunjang untuk menegakan diganosis ISPB. Kemudian dilakukan uji Chi-square untuk menilai hubungan antar variabel.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari total 50 responden dengan ISPB, 36 anak memiliki orang tua perokok, dan hanya 14 anak yang orang tuanya tidak merokok. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan nilai p=0,026, OR=4,65 (IK95%; 1,12-19,21) sehingga terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna antara perilaku merokok orang tua dengan tingkat rawat inap akibat ISPB pada anak.
Simpulan: Anak yang tinggal dengan orang tua perokok, berisiko terpapar asap rokok baik secara langsung, maupun dari sisa-sisa partikel asap rokok yang menempel pada barang-barang di dalam rumah. Penggunaan rokok dapat menggangu fungsi paru-paru dan sistem imun secara keseluruhan, sehingga orang tua yang merokok dapat menyebabkan anak lebih mudah terkena penyakit infeksi saluran nafas.
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