Berbagai faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian statin-associated muscle symptoms imbas atorvastatin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v23i2.4817Keywords:
atorvastatin, farmakovigilans, keamanan obat, rabdomiolisis, SAMS, statinAbstract
Pendahuluan: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan pasien mengalami perawatan rumah sakit dan memperpanjang masa rawat. Statin berpotensi untuk menyebabkan efek samping yang berkaitan dengan gangguan otot. Atorvastatin merupakan salah satu obat golongan statin yang banyak digunakan saat ini.
Kasus: Seorang wanita 78 tahun, masuk rumah sakit dengan nyeri pada seluruh badan termasuk kedua tungkai. Pasien rutin menggunakan atorvastatin untuk menurunkan kolesterol. Pasien memiliki riwayat gangguan hati dan penggunaan Syzygium polyanthum. Pasien didiagnosis dengan rabdomiolisis akibat atorvastatin. Pasien diberikan Coenzym Q10 kemudian berangsur membaik setelah atorvastatin dihentikan.
Diskusi: Perubahan faktor fisiologis yang dapat memengaruhi farmakokinetik obat. Selain itu, interaksi bersama herbal juga dapat menyebabkan perubahan paparan atorvastatin. Hal ini dapat berkontribusi terhadap kejadian rabdomiolisis. Diagnosis Statin-Associated Muscle Symptom (SAMS) dapat diidentifikasi dengan SAMS Clinical Index.
Simpulan: Kejadian efek samping obat dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang mendasari. Upaya deteksi dini melalui monitoring aktif dalam pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya peningkatan patient safety di rumah sakit.
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