Hubungan hipertensi dan depresi dengan kualitas hidup pralansia dengan HIV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v23i2.5064Keywords:
depresi, hipertensi, kualitas hidup, orang dengan HIV, pralansiaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Efektivitas pengobatan ARV membuat angka harapan hidup pada orang dengan HIV bertambah, sehingga populasi lansia dengan HIV akan terus meningkat. Inflamasi kronis HIV dapat merusak jaringan tubuh sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyakit fisik seperti hipertensi. Paparan HIV juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan kesehatan mental seperti depresi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi hubungan hipertensi dan depresi dengan kualitas hidup khususnya pada pralansia dengan HIV untuk menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam merekomendasikan penaganan peningkatan kualitas hidup saat memasuki fase lansia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi crossectional terhadap 161 pralansia dengan HIV yang didampingi oleh beberapa yayasan ODHIV di DKI-Jakarta. Kriteria inklusi ialah ODHIV yang telah terdiagnosis dokter, menjalani ARV, berusia 45-59 tahun, dan menyetujui lembar informed consent. Kriteria eksklusi ialah dalam kondisi AIDS dan buta huruf. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah sphygmomanometer, PHQ-9 dan WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney U dan uji Kruskal-Wallis.
Hasil: Sebagian besar partisipan mengalami hipertensi (52,5%) dan depresi (51,6%). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara hipertensi dengan keseluruhan domain kualitas hidup (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi dengan keseluruhan domain kualitas hidup antara lain domain hubungan sosial (p=0,028), lingkungan (p=0,006), kesehatan fisik, kesehatan psikologis, tingkat kemandirian dan spiritual (p<0,001).
Simpulan: Proporsi hipertensi dan depresi pada pralansia dengan HIV cukup banyak ditemukan. Hipertensi tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pralansia dengan HIV, sedangkan depresi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pralansia dengan HIV.
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