Risiko maternal terkait gizi dan hubungannya dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil
Keywords:
asupan energi, asupan protein, pertambahan berat badan kehamilan, status giziAbstract
Pendahuluan: Pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan yang ideal diharapkan dapat mendukung persalinan yang aman. Status gizi ibu prakehamilan menjadi acuan dalam menentukan pertambahan berat badan yang ideal di setiap trimester kehamilan. Asupan gizi yang adekuat, terutama asupan energi dan protein, diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan ini. Status gizi prakehamilan dan asupan gizi yang tidak mencukupi merupakan risiko maternal yang harus dipantau. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi ibu prakehamilan dan asupan energi-protein dengan pertambahan berat badan pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Gandus.
Metode: Penelitian ini memiliki desain cross-sectional menggunakan data primer. Ibu hamil trimester 2 dan 3 dengan kehamilan janin tunggal yang menghadiri kegiatan skrining kesehatan di Balai Kecamatan Gandus Palembang, memiliki data berat badan sebelum hamil, dan bersedia berpatisipasi direkrut sebagai responden penelitian. Responden menjalani pengukuran antropometri dan wawancara asupan energi-protein 1 bulan terakhir menggunakan formulir SQ-FFQ. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square (alternatif Fisher/Kolmogorov-Smirnov).
Hasil: Sebanyak enam puluh ibu hamil berpartisipasi, sebagian besar berada pada rentang usia reproduktif, masa kehamilan trimester 3, dan beraktivitas sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Status gizi sebelum hamil sebagain besar berada pada berat badan lebih/obes dan tidak ditemukan status gizi kurang. Pertambahan berat badan ibu sebagian besar tidak memenuhi rekomendasi, demikian pula dengan asupan energi-protein. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi prakehamilan dan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil (p=0,014). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi maupun protein dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil.
Simpulan: Status gizi prakehamilan berhubungan dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, sebaliknya asupan energi-protein tidak berhubungan.
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