Penanganan kasus immune thrombocytopenic purpura pada pasien dewasa di kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v24i3.5464Keywords:
daerah tertinggal, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, Nusa Tenggara TimurAbstract
Pendahuluan: Immune thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) merupakan suatu kelainan autoimun dengan manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi dari asimtomatik hingga perdarahan berat yang mengancam jiwa. Penanganan kasus ITP di daerah tertinggal dengan sarana dan fasilitas kesehatan yang terbatas menjadi tantangan bagi tenaga kesehatan. Tingginya angka kegagalan terapi dan relaps menjadi salah satu kesulitan dalam pemberian terapi yang optimal.
Laporan Kasus: Pasien perempuan, 50 tahun, datang ke rumah sakit dengan keluhan gusi bedarah, buang air kecil bercampur darah, buang air besar disertai darah berwarna merah kehitaman, dan timbul petekie serta purpura di kedua extremitas. Dari hasil anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik tidak ditemukan kecurigaan adanya faktor pencetus ataupun penyakit komorbid. Hasil pemeriksaan darah lengkap awal menunjukkan adanya trombositopenia dengan jumlah trombosit 12.000/µL. Pasien kemudian menjalani rawat inap dan diberikan terapi steroid berupa metilprednisolon intravena selama 8 hari. Keluhan pasien berangsur-angsur membaik dan trombositopenia teratasi. Pasien dipulangkan dengan melanjutkan terapi steroid. Hasil evaluasi darah lengkap satu bulan pasca perawatan menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Pasien diedukasi untuk rutin kontrol ke poli rawat jalan agar tenaga kesehatan dapat memantau terjadinya kegagalan terapi ataupun relaps.
Simpulan: Penilaian klinis dengan anamnesis yang cermat serta pemeriksaan fisik yang lengkap sangat penting dalam penegakan diagnosis ITP. Pemeriksaan darah lengkap sering kali menjadi satu-satunya pemeriksaan penunjang yang bisa dilakukan terutama di daerah tertinggal. Pasien harus dilibatkan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dan rencana pengobatan harus mempertimbangkan kualitas hidup pasien.
Downloads
References
1. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 6th ed. Vol 2. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2014.
2. Onisâi M, Vlădăreanu AM, Spînu A, Găman M, Bumbea H. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) - new era for an old disease. Rom J Intern Med. 2019 Dec 1;57(4):273-83.
3. Weycker D, Hanau A, Hatfield M, Wu H, Sharma A, Bensink ME, et al. Primary immune thrombocyte-penia in US clinical practice: Incidence and healthcare burden in first 12 months following diagnosis. J Med Econ. 2020 Feb;23(2):184-192.
4. Zahidin MA, Abdul Razak NI, Mohd Noor NH, Johan MF, Zulkafli Z, Abdullah AD, et al. An epidemiology study of adult immune thrombocytopenia patients in a teaching hospital in Northeastern Malaysia. Cureus. 2023 Nov 8;15(11):e48533.
5. Cooper N, Kruse A, Kruse C, Watson S, Morgan M, Provan D, et al. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) World Impact Survey (iWISh): Patient and physician perceptions of diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2021 Feb 1;96(2): 188-98.
6. Mithoowani S, Cervi A, Shah N, Ejaz R, Sirotich E, Barty R, et al. Management of major bleeds in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jul;18(7):1783-90.
7. Thakre R, Gharde P, Raghuwanshi M. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Current limitations and management. Cureus. 2023 Nov 23;15(11):e49313.
8. Pirunsarn A, Kijrattanakul P, Chamnanchanunt S, Polprasert C, Rojnuckarin P. A randomized multi-center trial comparing low-dose prednisolone versus observation for prevention of recurrences in adult immune thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2018 Sep;24(6):867-73.
9. Park YH, Kim DY, Kim S, Choi YB, Shin DY, Kim JS, et al. Management of immune thrombocytopenia: 2022 update of Korean experts recommendations. Blood Res. 2022 Mar 31;57(1):20-8.
10. Neunert C, Terrell DR, Arnold DM, Buchanan G, Cines DB, Cooper N, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019 Dec 10;3(23):3829-66.
11. Peraturan Presiden RI No. 63 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Daerah Tertinggal 2020–2024.
12. Anggraini N. Healthcare access and utilization in rural communities of Indonesia. JCHP. 2023 May 2;3(1):14-9.
13. Mititelu A, Onisâi MC, Roșca A, Vlădăreanu AM. Current understanding of immune thrombocytopenia: A review of pathogenesis and treatment options. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 10;25(4):2163.
14. Kubrusly BS, Kubrusly ES, Rocha HAL, Júnior ABV, Kubrusly MS, Ribeiro LLPA, et al. Epidemiology of immune thrombocytopenia: Study of adult patients at a referral hematology service in North-eastern Brazil. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2024 Nov;46 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S152-S157.
15. Bekadja MA, Bradai M, Hamdi S, et al. Epidemiology and management of immune thrombocytopenia in Algeria. Asia Pac J Cancer Biol. 2024; 9(1):21–9.
16. Provan D, Arnold DM, Bussel JB, Chong BH, Cooper N, Gernsheimer T, et al. Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019 Nov 26;3(22):3780-17.
17. Bussel J, Cooper N, Boccia R, Zaja F, Newland A. Immune thrombocytopenia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2021;14:1013–25.
18. Audia S, Mahévas M, Samson M, Godeau B, Bonnotte B. Pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmun Rev. 2017 Jun;16(6):620-632.
19. Bhatt P, Yagnik PJ, Ayensu M, Khan AW, Adjei A, Parmar N, et al. Temporal trends of intracranial hemorrhage among immune thrombocytopenia hospitalizations in the United States. Cureus. 2020 Jul 27;12(7):e9427.
20. Bhasin TS, Sharma S, Manjari M, Mannan R, Kansal V, Chandey M, et al. Changes in megakaryocytes in cases of thrombocytopenia: bone marrow aspiration and biopsy analysis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 Mar;7(3):473-9.
21. Porcelijn L, Schmidt DE, Oldert G, et al. Antiplatelet autoantibody testing in ITP. Transfus Med Rev. 2020;34:258–69.
22. Piel-Julian ML, Mahévas M, Germain J, Languille L, Comont T, Lapeyre-Mestre M, et al. Risk factors for bleeding, including platelet count threshold, in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults. J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Sep;16(9):1830-42.
23. Choi PY, Merriman E, Bennett A, Enjeti AK, Tan CW, Goncalves I, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of adult immune thrombocytopenia in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust. 2022 Jan 17;216(1):43-52.
24. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI). Penatalaksanaan di bidang ilmu penyakit dalam: Panduan praktis klinis. 4th ed. Alwi I, Salim S, Hidayat R, Kurniawan J, Tahapary DL, editors. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2019.
25. Turhan AB, Özdemir ZC, Bör Ö. Use of single- or two-dose pulse methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul. 2018 Mar 21;52(4):279-84.
26. Liu XG, Hou Y, Hou M. How we treat primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults. J Hematol Oncol. 2023 Jan 19;16(1):4.
27. Maitland H, Lambert C, Ghanima W. Patient-centric care in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): shared decision-making and assessment of health-related quality of life. Hematology. 2024 Dec;29(1): 2375177.
28. Moulis G, Germain J, Comont T, Brun N, Dingremont C, Castel B, et al. Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults: Clinical epidemiology, exposure to treatments, and evolution. Results of the CARMEN multicenter prospective cohort. Am J Hematol. 2017 Jun;92(6):493-500.
29. Cuker A, Prak ET, Cines DB. Can immune thrombocytopenia be cured with medical therapy? Semin Thromb Hemost. 2015 Jun;41(4):395-404.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Damianus Journal of Medicine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








