Analisis Google Trends mengungkap kesenjangan literasi kesehatan sistemik dalam respons publik terhadap infeksi cacing di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v25i2.7810Keywords:
Google Trends, health belief model, infeksi cacing, literasi kesehatanAbstract
Pendahuluan: Pada Juli 2025, pemberitaan nasional mengenai kematian Raya, seorang anak kurang gizi asal Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, yang ditemukan mengalami infeksi cacing berat, menimbulkan perhatian luas di Indonesia. Meskipun infeksi soil-transmitted helminth dapat dicegah melalui pemberian obat cacing dan perbaikan sanitasi, penularan masih ditemukan di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis respons digital masyarakat Indonesia terhadap peristiwa tersebut menggunakan Google Trends dan menafsirkan perilaku pencarian melalui kerangka literasi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan.
Metode: Penelitian infodemiologi ini menggunakan data Google Trends di Indonesia. Aktivitas pencarian dianalisis pada 15–22 Agustus 2025, meliputi periode baseline (15–17 Agustus) dan periode peningkatan perhatian publik (18–22 Agustus) setelah pemberitaan media nasional. Kata kunci dianalisis dalam dua klaster perbandingan, yaitu klaster penyakit/pengobatan (‘cacing’, ‘cacingan’, ‘obat cacing’) dan klaster berorientasi sistem kesehatan (‘cacing’, ‘cacingan’, ‘BPJS’, ‘puskesmas’). Relative Search Volume (RSV) dan related queries dianalisis dan dikategorikan secara tematik. Temuan diinterpretasikan menggunakan Model Literasi Kesehatan Nutbeam dan Health Belief Model.
Hasil: Minat pencarian meningkat tajam pada istilah yang berkaitan dengan penyakit dan pengobatan. Kata kunci ‘cacing’ mencapai puncak RSV 100 pada 21 Agustus 2025, sedangkan ‘cacingan’ menunjukkan peningkatan relatif terbesar dari baseline (+1250,0%). Peningkatan pada ‘BPJS’ (+50,0%) dan ‘puskesmas’ (+51,9%) jauh lebih kecil. Related queries yang berasal dari kata kunci terkait penyakit terutama berorientasi fungsional dan kuratif, dengan sangat sedikit pencarian sistemik yang mengaitkan kejadian tersebut dengan aktor pelayanan kesehatan.
Simpulan: Pola pencarian yang diamati lebih konsisten dengan orientasi literasi kesehatan fungsional dan interaktif dibandingkan orientasi kritis atau sistemik. Temuan ini mencerminkan perilaku pencarian daring yang teragregasi, bukan pengukuran langsung literasi kesehatan individu. Analisis Google Trends dapat memberikan gambaran waktu nyata mengenai pencarian informasi kesehatan masyarakat dan mendukung strategi komunikasi yang secara lebih eksplisit menghubungkan informasi penyakit dengan pencegahan dan layanan kesehatan yang tersedia.
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