Karl Polanyi dan Antropologi Keadilan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v15i01.560Keywords:
keadilan distributif, homo oeconomicus, rasionalitas kebaikan, rasionalitas keadilan, antropologi keadilanAbstract
Gagasan John Rawls tentang keadilan sebagai fairness memuat
persoalan kesempatan yang adil sekaligus membatasi ketidakadilan ekonomi dan
sosial bagi anggota masyarakat yang paling kurang beruntung. Gagasan ini
berangkat dari asumsi filosofis yang meyakini bahwa semua kegiatan manusia
berakar pada kehidupan dan kerjasama sosial. Gagasan tersebut sejalan dengan
gagasan ketertanaman ekonomi yang mengasumsikan manusia bukan hanya sebagai
makhluk ekonomi namun secara metafisik sebagai makhluk sosial. Teori keadilan
dan ketertanaman ekonomi bertemu pada garis etis yang sama yakni bahwa semua
kegiatan ekonomi seharusnya tidak hanya didasarkan pada keuntungan semata
tetapi yang lebih penting adalah kerjasama, kepedulian dan keadilan.
John Rawls’ idea of justice as fairness that ensures fair equality of opportunity on
the one hand and restricts social and economic inequalities to those that would benefit the least
advantaged members of society presupposses a philosophical assumption that all human activities
have their roots in the social life and networks. This idea has its affinity with the idea of
embedded economy that assumes that man is not just homo oeconomicus, but metaphysically a
social beings. Both theory of justice and embedded economy meet on the same ethical line that all
economic activities should not be merely ruled by profit orientation principlebut by justice that is
essentially cooperative, sensitive and moderate.
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