Kritik Polanyi Atas Self-Regulating Market

Authors

  • Sonny Keraf

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v15i01.562

Keywords:

self-regulating market, barter, reciprocity, redistribution, pasar bebas, peranan negara, fariness

Abstract

”Peradaban abad ke19 telah hancur”. Demikian Karl Polanyi
menyatakan dalam bukunya The Great Transformation. Kehancuran peradaban
tersebut tidak lain disebabkan karena kegiatan ekonomi dilepaskan dari asalusulnya
sebagai bagian dari relasi social. Lebih dari itu, muncul tuntutan agar
kegiatan ekonomi dilepaskan dari urusan-urusan politik, atau lebih sering dikenal
dengan istilah self regulating market. Polanyi meramalkan perilaku tersebut akan
merusak tatanan sosial dan menghancurkan nilai-nilai manusia dan alam itu sendiri.
Karena itu, tidak ada jalan lain untuk menyelamatkan dunia ini kecuali kita kembali
ke embedded economy. Tatanan ekonomi bukanlah tatanan yang berdiri sendiri
secara otonom lepas dari pengaruh dan campur tangan politik dan institusi sosial
lainnya. Namun, harus diakui bahwa kontrol dan campur tangan politik dan sosial
dari negara tidak menjamin tatanan ekonomi menjadi lebih baik, terutama kalau
negara sebagai wasit tidak bisa berlaku fair, adil dan tegas demi kepentingan
bersama. Demi menjamin keadilan ekonomi institusi politik dan institusi sosial
sangat dibutuhkan.

 

“The Nineteenth-century civilization has collapsed”, thus wrote Karl Polanyi in
The Great Transformation. The economic activity that should be rooted in the social relations,
now, develops itself according to its own rule, i.e. the rule of self-regulating market. Polanyi
predicates, that kind of behavior will destroy the social order and destruct human values as well as
its own nature. He suggests that we should be back to the primary root of economic activity: the
economic activity should be embedded in the social and political order. That means economic order
is not an outonomous order apart from political and social institutions on the one side. But on the
other side, the political and social control and intervention from state cannot guarantee a better
economic welfare, if the state does not act as an impartial party that should be fair and honest.
To achieve an economical fairness, political and social institution really are needed.

References

Baum, Gregory, (1996), Karl Polanyi on Ethics and Economics, Montreal: McGill-Quee’s
University Press.
Keraf, A. Sonny, (1996), Pasar Bebas, Keadilan dan Peran Pemerintah, Telaah atas Etika Ekonomi
Politik Adam Smith, Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Polanyi, Karl, (2001), The Great Transformation, The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time.
Boston: Beacon Press.
Sen, Amartya, (1988), On Ethics and Economic, Oxford: Blackwell.
Soros, George, (1998), The Crisis of Global Capitalism, New York: Public Affairs.
Stanfield, J.R., (1986), The Economic Thought of Karl Polanyi, London: The Macmillan Press
LTD.
Yunus, Muhammad, (2007), Creating a World without Poverty. Social Business and the Future of
Capitalism, New York: Public Affairs.

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Published

2019-06-27

How to Cite

Keraf, S. (2019). Kritik Polanyi Atas Self-Regulating Market. Respons: Jurnal Etika Sosial, 15(01), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v15i01.562
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