Teori Filosofis Revolusi Mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v25i02.2466Kata Kunci:
mentalitas deformatif, trikotomi wilayah hidup manusia, daya sintesis, daya analisis, revolusi mental.Abstrak
Mentalitas manusia tumbuh dari berfungsinya kemampuan afektif, kognitif dan konatif secara integratif, akumulatif dan direksional sehingga memiliki batas wilayah yang dapat dikenali sendiri. Implikasinya, kerangka trikotomi wilayah hidup manusia yang terdiri dari wilayah fisik, wilayah mental dan wilayah batin/metafisik harus dipakai sebagai dasar rujukan. Masalahnya mentalitas yang tumbuh di masyarakat korban kolonialisme dan imperialisme cenderung deformatif sehingga membentuk sistem budaya yang terus-menerus melahirkan mentalitas deformatif. Gagalnya fungsi yang berorientasi inward (sintesis) membuat lingkaran setan proses pertumbuhan mentalitas deformatif sulit diputus. Jalan keluarnya adalah revolusi mental melalui intervensi politik untuk merestorasi daya sintesis (inward). Realisasinya dengan membalik pola pertumbuhan menjadi lebih berpihak pada pertumbuhan daya sintesis (inward) daripada daya analisis (outward) sedemikian sehingga pada akhirnya terbentuk pertumbuhan sistemik dan sistematis mentalitas yang seimbang.
Referensi
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Alisjahbana, S. Takdir. 1982. Kelakuan Manusia di-tengah2 Alam Semesta (Human Behaviour in the Totality of Nature. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat.
Aristotle. 2001. Metaphysica. Translated by W.D. Ross. In The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. by Richard McKeon. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. Physica. Translated by R.P. Hardie and R.K. Gaye. In The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. by Richard McKeon. New York: Modern Library.
Bagus, Lorens. 1991. Metafisika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Baker, Keith M. 1990. Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Battin, M. Pabst. 2015. The Ethics of Suicide: Historical Sources. Oxford University Press.
Blanning, T.C.W. 1998. The French Revolution: Class War or Culture Clash? London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Brouwer, M.A.W. 1984. Psikologi Fenomenologis. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Burgos, J.E. & P.R. Killeen. 2018. “Suing for Peace in the War Against Mentalism”. Perspectives on Behavioral Science. DOI: 10.1007/s40614-018-0169-2
Campbell, R. & D. Collinson. 1988. Ending Lives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Camus, Albert. 1955. The Myth of Sisyphus. Transl. from French by J. O’Brien. Penguin Books.
Charles, Eric P. 2011. “Seeing Minds in Behavior: Descriptive Mentalism”. Review of General Psychology 15(3): 267-276. DOI: 10.1037/a0024870.
Cox, Harvey. 2009. The Future of Faith. New York: HarperCollins.
Davidson, Donald. 1970. “Mental Events”. Dalam L. Foster & J. W. Swanson (eds.). Experience and Theory. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 79-101.
Drijarkara. 1969. Filsafat Manusia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Egeland, Jonathan. 2018. “The demon that makes us go mental: mentalism defended”. Philosophical Studies. DOI: 10.1007/s11098-018-1167-7.
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Falmagne, R.J. 2009. “Subverting Theoretical Dualisms Discourse and Mentalism”. Theory & Psychology 19(6): 795-815. DOI: 10.1177/0959354309346081.
Fanon, Frantz. 1952. Black Skin, White Masks. London: Pluto Press.
Frankfurt, Harry G. 1971. “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person”. The Journal of Philosophy 68(1): 5-20.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2018. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Furet, Francois. 1988. The French Revolution 1770-1814. Translated by Antonia Nevill. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Hagg, James W. 2006. “Between Physicalism and Mentalism: Philip Clayton on Mind and Emergence”. Zygon: Journal of Science and Religion 41(3): 633-647. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00765.x.
Haryatmoko. 2020. Jalan Baru Kepemimpinan & Pendidikan: Jawaban atas Tantangan Disrupsi-Inovatif. Jakarta: Garamedia Pustaka Utama.
Hecht, Jennifer M. 2013. Stay: A History of Suicide and the Philosophies Against It. London: Yale University Press.
Hobbs, Nicholas. 1964. “Mental Health’s Third Revolution”. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 34(5): 822-833. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02237.x.
Hospers, John. 1990. An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Hunt, Lynn. 2004. Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. Oakland: California University Press.
Jaeger, Werner. 1947. The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
James, William. 1884. “What is an Emotion”. Mind 9(34): 188-205.
James, William. 1890. The Principles of Psychology. Vol. II. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
Kant, Immanuel. 1914. Critique of Judgement. Translated by J.H. Bernard. 2ed. Rev. London: MacMillan & Co.
Koentjaraningrat. 1969. Rintangan2 Mental Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Di Indonesia. Terbitan Berkala Seri No. 1/2 Lembaga Research Kebudajaan Nasional – L.I.P.I. Djakarta: Bhratara.
Koentjaraningrat. 1985. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Lubis, Mochtar. 1985. Transformasi Budaya untuk Masa Depan. Jakarta: Inti Idayu Press.
Lubis, Mochtar. 2001. Manusia Indonesia (Sebuah Pertanggungjawaban). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
McTaggart, J.M.E. 1927. The Nature of Existence. Vol. II. Cambridge: University Press.
Meehan, William. 2009. “Partem Totius Naturae Esse: Spinoza’s Alternative to the Mutual Incomprehension of Physicalism and Mentalism in Psychology” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 29(1): 47-59. DOI: 10.1037/a0015865.
Moore, George Edward. 1903. Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morell, J.D. 1884. An Introduction to Mental Philosophy on the Inductive Method. London: Stewart & Co.
Muthu, Sankar. 2003. Enlightenment Against Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Outram, Dorinda. 1989. The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class and Political Culture. London: Yale University Press.
Prasetyo, Sigit Aris. 2017. Bung Karno dan Revolusi Mental. Tangerang Selatan: Penerbit Imania.
Reese, Hayne W. 2001. “Review of the War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes By William R. Uttal”. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 76(1): 115-130.
Rey, Georges. 1984. “Ontology and Ideology of Behaviorism and Mentalism”. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7(4): 640-1.
Rohde, Erwin. 1925. Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
Sperry, R.W. 1981. “Mind-Brain Interaction: Mentalism, Yes; Dualism, No”. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 1(4): 46-65. DOI: 10.1002/chp.4760010409.
Stotland, Ezra. 2010. “Mentalism Revisited”. The Journal of General Psychology 75(2): 229-241. DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1966.9710368.
Sudiarja, A., G. B. Subanar, St. Sunardi, dan T. Sarkim. 2006. Karya Lengkap Driyarkara. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Surahardjo, Y.A. 1983. Mistisisme. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
Tan Malaka. 1951. Madilog: Materialisme, Dialektika, Logika. Djakarta: Penerbit Widjaya.
Uttal, William R. 2000. The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Van Peursen, C.A. 1981. Tubuh – Jiwa – Roh: Sebuah Pengantar dalam Filsafat Manusia. Terj. Dr. K. Bertens. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia.
Alisjahbana, S. Takdir. 1966. Values as Integrating Forces in Personality, Society and Culture. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Alisjahbana, S. Takdir. 1982. Kelakuan Manusia di-tengah2 Alam Semesta (Human Behaviour in the Totality of Nature. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat.
Aristotle. 2001. Metaphysica. Translated by W.D. Ross. In The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. by Richard McKeon. New York: Modern Library.
Aristotle. 2001. Physica. Translated by R.P. Hardie and R.K. Gaye. In The Basic Works of Aristotle. Ed. by Richard McKeon. New York: Modern Library.
Bagus, Lorens. 1991. Metafisika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Baker, Keith M. 1990. Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Battin, M. Pabst. 2015. The Ethics of Suicide: Historical Sources. Oxford University Press.
Blanning, T.C.W. 1998. The French Revolution: Class War or Culture Clash? London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Brouwer, M.A.W. 1984. Psikologi Fenomenologis. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Burgos, J.E. & P.R. Killeen. 2018. “Suing for Peace in the War Against Mentalism”. Perspectives on Behavioral Science. DOI: 10.1007/s40614-018-0169-2
Campbell, R. & D. Collinson. 1988. Ending Lives. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Camus, Albert. 1955. The Myth of Sisyphus. Transl. from French by J. O’Brien. Penguin Books.
Charles, Eric P. 2011. “Seeing Minds in Behavior: Descriptive Mentalism”. Review of General Psychology 15(3): 267-276. DOI: 10.1037/a0024870.
Cox, Harvey. 2009. The Future of Faith. New York: HarperCollins.
Davidson, Donald. 1970. “Mental Events”. Dalam L. Foster & J. W. Swanson (eds.). Experience and Theory. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 79-101.
Drijarkara. 1969. Filsafat Manusia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Egeland, Jonathan. 2018. “The demon that makes us go mental: mentalism defended”. Philosophical Studies. DOI: 10.1007/s11098-018-1167-7.
Endro, Gunardi. 2015. “Keniscayaan Etis Transparansi dalam Komunikasi Politik”. Jurnal Etika 7: 12-33.
Endro, Gunardi. 2019. “Mengalami Setelah Memahami Kebenaran”. Pergulatan Etika Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. h. 75-95.
Falmagne, R.J. 2009. “Subverting Theoretical Dualisms Discourse and Mentalism”. Theory & Psychology 19(6): 795-815. DOI: 10.1177/0959354309346081.
Fanon, Frantz. 1952. Black Skin, White Masks. London: Pluto Press.
Frankfurt, Harry G. 1971. “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person”. The Journal of Philosophy 68(1): 5-20.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2018. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Furet, Francois. 1988. The French Revolution 1770-1814. Translated by Antonia Nevill. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Hagg, James W. 2006. “Between Physicalism and Mentalism: Philip Clayton on Mind and Emergence”. Zygon: Journal of Science and Religion 41(3): 633-647. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00765.x.
Haryatmoko. 2020. Jalan Baru Kepemimpinan & Pendidikan: Jawaban atas Tantangan Disrupsi-Inovatif. Jakarta: Garamedia Pustaka Utama.
Hecht, Jennifer M. 2013. Stay: A History of Suicide and the Philosophies Against It. London: Yale University Press.
Hobbs, Nicholas. 1964. “Mental Health’s Third Revolution”. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 34(5): 822-833. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02237.x.
Hospers, John. 1990. An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Hunt, Lynn. 2004. Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. Oakland: California University Press.
Jaeger, Werner. 1947. The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
James, William. 1884. “What is an Emotion”. Mind 9(34): 188-205.
James, William. 1890. The Principles of Psychology. Vol. II. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
Kant, Immanuel. 1914. Critique of Judgement. Translated by J.H. Bernard. 2ed. Rev. London: MacMillan & Co.
Koentjaraningrat. 1969. Rintangan2 Mental Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Di Indonesia. Terbitan Berkala Seri No. 1/2 Lembaga Research Kebudajaan Nasional – L.I.P.I. Djakarta: Bhratara.
Koentjaraningrat. 1985. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Lubis, Mochtar. 1985. Transformasi Budaya untuk Masa Depan. Jakarta: Inti Idayu Press.
Lubis, Mochtar. 2001. Manusia Indonesia (Sebuah Pertanggungjawaban). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
McTaggart, J.M.E. 1927. The Nature of Existence. Vol. II. Cambridge: University Press.
Meehan, William. 2009. “Partem Totius Naturae Esse: Spinoza’s Alternative to the Mutual Incomprehension of Physicalism and Mentalism in Psychology” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 29(1): 47-59. DOI: 10.1037/a0015865.
Moore, George Edward. 1903. Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morell, J.D. 1884. An Introduction to Mental Philosophy on the Inductive Method. London: Stewart & Co.
Muthu, Sankar. 2003. Enlightenment Against Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Outram, Dorinda. 1989. The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class and Political Culture. London: Yale University Press.
Prasetyo, Sigit Aris. 2017. Bung Karno dan Revolusi Mental. Tangerang Selatan: Penerbit Imania.
Reese, Hayne W. 2001. “Review of the War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes By William R. Uttal”. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 76(1): 115-130.
Rey, Georges. 1984. “Ontology and Ideology of Behaviorism and Mentalism”. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7(4): 640-1.
Rohde, Erwin. 1925. Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
Sperry, R.W. 1981. “Mind-Brain Interaction: Mentalism, Yes; Dualism, No”. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 1(4): 46-65. DOI: 10.1002/chp.4760010409.
Stotland, Ezra. 2010. “Mentalism Revisited”. The Journal of General Psychology 75(2): 229-241. DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1966.9710368.
Sudiarja, A., G. B. Subanar, St. Sunardi, dan T. Sarkim. 2006. Karya Lengkap Driyarkara. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Surahardjo, Y.A. 1983. Mistisisme. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
Tan Malaka. 1951. Madilog: Materialisme, Dialektika, Logika. Djakarta: Penerbit Widjaya.
Uttal, William R. 2000. The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Van Peursen, C.A. 1981. Tubuh – Jiwa – Roh: Sebuah Pengantar dalam Filsafat Manusia. Terj. Dr. K. Bertens. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
2021-04-26
Cara Mengutip
Endro, G. (2021). Teori Filosofis Revolusi Mental. Respons: Jurnal Etika Sosial, 25(02), 99–141. https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v25i02.2466
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