EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN METODE MONTESSORI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI AWAL KELOMPOK B DI TK BAHTERA BUKIT ZAITUN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/manasa.v13i2.6081Keywords:
quasi-experiment, Montessori method, early childhood educationAbstract
This quasi-experimental study assessed the effectiveness of the Montessori method on early literacy skills among Group B students at TK Bahtera Bukit Zaitun and compared outcomes with conventional teaching methods. The sample consisted of 28 students aged 5–6, divided into experimental and control groups. The Montessori apparatus included large movable alphabets, sandpaper letters, and reading boxes, with the study conducted from April to June 2024. Pretests and post-tests measured alphabet knowledge, phonemic awareness, and grapheme-phoneme correspondence. Results showed significant improvement in the experimental group, with median scores increasing from 2.5 to 3.8 and mode from 1.4 to 3.8. The Mann-Whitney U test yielded a p-value of .003, and the gain score analysis showed a p-value of 0.001 with a biserial rank coefficient of .7, confirming the Montessori method's effectiveness. It is recommended that kindergarten teachers incorporate phoneme-based approaches in literacy instruction, as these methods proved particularly helpful for students struggling with alphabet memorization.
References
Bahmaee, A. B., Saadatmand, Z., & Yarmohammadian, M. H. (2015). Principle Elements of Curriculum in the Preschool Pattern of Montessori. International Education Studies, 9(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n1p148
Bluman, A. . (2012). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach (8th editio). McGraw-Hill.
Brown, C. S., & College, H. (n.d.). Language and Literacy Development in the Early Years : Foundational Skills that Support Emergent Readers. 24.
Casupanan, I., & Casupanan, R. (2018a). the Use of Sand Paper Letters in Teaching the English Alphabet. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning, 2(3), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2018.23.5562
Casupanan, I., & Casupanan, R. J. (2018b). The Use of Sand Paper Letters in Teaching the English Alphabet. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning, 2(3), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2018.23.5562
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th Editio). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2008). Statistics Without Maths for Psychology (5th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Hapsari, W., Ruhaena, L., & Pratisti, W. D. (2017). Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Awal Anak Prasekolah melalui Program Stimulasi. Jurnal Psikologi, 44(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.16929JCCS
Harmer, J. (2001). How to Teach English (7th ed.). Longman.
Havighurst, R. J. (1961). Successful Aging. Gerontologist, 1(1), 8–13.
Huang, F. L., Tortorelli, L. S., & Invernizzi, M. A. (2014). An investigation of factors associated with letter-sound knowledge at kindergarten entry. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(2), 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.02.001
Hurlock, E. B. (1980). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan (Drs. Ridwan Max Sijabat (Ed.); kelima). Penerbit Erlangga.
Ihsan, H. (2016). Validitas Isi Alat Ukur Penelitian Konsep dan Panduan Penilaiannya. Pedagogia: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(2), 266–273. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/pedagogia.v13i2.3557
Ilyas, S. N., & Asti, A. S. W. (2021). Aplikasi Montessori Inspired Activity dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Permulaan di TK Areta Amata School Makassar.
Invernizzi, M., Justice, L., Landrum, T. J., & Booker, K. (2004). Early Literacy Screening in Kindergarten: Widespread Implementation in Virginia. Journal of Literacy Research, 36(4), 479–500. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3604_3
Jhangiani, R. S., Chiang, I.-C. A., Cuttler, C., Leighton, D. C., & Metz, M. A. (2017). Research Methods in Psychology (3rd Canadi). The Saylor Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80228-2
Kempf-Leonard, K. (2005). Encyclopedia of Social Measurement (J. Heckman, G. King, & P. Tracy (Eds.)). Elsevier Ltd.
Kennedy, E., Dunphy, E., Dwyer, B., Hayes, G., McPhillips, T., Marsh, J., & Shiel, G. (n.d.). Literacy in Early Childhood and Primary Education (3-8 years). www.boydfreeman.ie
Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners (3rd Edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Lailaturrohmah, I., & Wulandari, R. S. (2021). Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Suku Kata Melalui Montessori Model Large Moveable Alphabet. 1(1), 34–43.
Lněničková, I. (2012). Montessori education-focus on foreign language education within the Montessori system. Masaryk University.
Montessori, M. (1949). Absorbent Mind. The Theosophical Publishing House.
Montessori, M. (1964). Dr. Montessori’s Own Handbook. Robert Bentley, Inc.
Munastiwi, E., Pandiangan E. L., & Rahayu, S. (2018). Metode Pengembangan Literasi Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Tradisional Cublak-cublak Suweng (Modifikasi) di RA Ar Rafif Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta. Volume 1, Al Hikmah Proceedings on Islamic Early Childhood Education.
Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary, and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 40(5), 665–681. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.665
Nachar, N. (2008). The Mann-Whitney U: A Test for Assessing Whether Two Independent Samples Come from the Same Distribution. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.04.1.p013
National Research Council. (1998). Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children. In Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/6023
Novrani, A., Caturwulandari, De., Purwestri, D., Annisa, E., & Faridah, I. (2021). Pengembangan Literasi untuk Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Buku Saku, 64. https://paudpedia.kemdikbud.go.id/uploads/pdfs/TINY_20220709_130107.pdf
Nurul Fatonah. (2018). Keterlibatan Orangtua Dalam Menumbuhkan Kemampuan Literasi Anak Usia Dini. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step By Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS (sixth). McGraw Hill Education.
Papalia, R. D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2009). Human Development. In Human Development (Eleventh). McGraw-Hill.
Paramita, V. D. (2021). Hari-hari Montessori untuk Anak Usia Dini. PT Mizan Media Utama.
Paramita, V. D. (2022). Montessori: Keajaiban Membaca Tanpa Mengeja. Penerbit Bentang.
Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. In The Origins of Intelligence in Children. International Universities Press, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.2004.tb00161.x
preventing reading difficulties.pdf.crdownload. (n.d.).
Puranik, C., & Apel, K. (2017). Effect of Assessment Task and Letter Writing Ability on Preschool Children’s Spelling Performance. November 2010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380040
Ramadhani, D. K. (2024). Penerapan Metode Montessori Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Pada Kelompok B2 Di Raudhatul Athfal MAN 2 Jember. Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Achmad Siddiq Jember Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan.
Retnawati, H. (2017). Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian. Pembelajaran Berbasis Riset Dan Teknik Analisa Data.
Rukminingsih, Adnan, G., & Latief, M. A. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. In NBER Working Papers. Erhaka Utama. http://www.nber.org/papers/w16019
Ryan, T. (2015). The Importance of writing before reading; How Montessori materials and curriculum support this learning process. University of Wisconsin.
Sa’ida, N., Veronica, N., & Kurniawati, T. (2020). METODE MONTESSORI DALAM MEMBACA SIMBOL ANAK USIA DINI. 1132–1141.
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Perkembangan Masa-Hidup (N. I. Sallama (Ed.); Ketigabela). Penerbit Erlangga.
Saracho, O. N. (2016). Research , policy , and practice in early childhood literacy Research , policy , and practice in early childhood literacy. Early Child Development and Care, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1261512
Setia, T. I. (2021). Implementasi Media Sandpaper Letter Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Taman Kanak-kanak Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. Universitas Islam Negri Raden Intan Lampung.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass Correlations : Uses in Assessing Rater Reliability. 86(2), 420–428.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D (19th ed.). Alfabeta.
Sulzby, E., Teale, W. H., & Kamberelis, G. (1989). Emerging literacy : young children learn to read and write (D. S. Strickland & L. M. Morrow (Eds.); p. 161). International Reading Association.
Suminah, E., Siantayani, Y., Paramitha, D., Ritayanti, U., & Nugraha, A. (2018). Pedoman Penilaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Ella Yulaelawati & Kurniati Restuningsih (Eds.)). Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. www.paud.kemdikbud.go.id
Suryana, D. (2018). Stimulasi dan Aspek Perkembangan Anak. Stimulasi Aspek Perkembangan, 1–94.
Suryawati, A., & Akkas, E. M. (2021). Capaian Pembelajaran Elemen Dasar-Dasar (R. N. Pramanik (Ed.)). Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan Kementrian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
The National Institute for Literacy. (2008). Developing Early Literacy: Report of The National Early Literacy Panel. www.nifl.gov.
Veronica, N., Sa’ida, N., & Kurniawati, T. (2020). METODE MONTESSORI DALAM MEMBACA SIMBOL ANAK USIA DINI.
Volkman, J. (2017). Scaffolds and Spelling in Preschool: Using a Movable Alphabet to Measure Early Literacy.
Wulansi, M. (2016). PENGARUH MEDIA GAMBAR MENGGUNAKAN MOVABLE. Universitas Sriwijaya.
Ziegel, E. R., & Tague, N. (1995). The Quality Toolbox. In Technometrics (Vol. 37, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.2307/1269755.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 MANASA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.png)
