Integrasi Transmisi Otomatis Untuk Kendaraan Listrik yang Dikonversi: Pendekatan GT-Suite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/cylinder.v11i1.6661Kata Kunci:
GT-Suite, Kendaraan Listrik, Konversi, Transmisi Otomatis, SimulasiAbstrak
Penerapan kendaraan listrik (EV) yang semakin berkembang di Asia Tenggara, khususnya di Indonesia dan Malaysia, didorong oleh insentif kebijakan seperti pembebasan pajak jalan dan pelonggaran pembatasan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini menyelidiki kelayakan dan kinerja dari pengintegrasian transmisi otomatis yang berasal dari manufaktur asal ke dalam kendaraan konversi mesin pembakaran dalam (ICE), menggantikan transmisi satu gigi atau transmisi manual yang umum digunakan dalam konversi EV pada umumnya. Menggunakan perangkat lunak simulasi GT-Suite, model rinci dari Toyota Avanza yang telah dikonversi dikembangkan untuk mengevaluasi parameter utama, termasuk akselerasi, kecepatan tertinggi yang dapat diraih, jarak tempuh maksimum, dan konsumsi energi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pengintegrasian transmisi otomatis meningkatkan akselerasi, mengurangi waktu akselerasi dari 0–100 km/jam sebesar 0,7 detik dibandingkan dengan konfigurasi satu gigi. Meskipun kecepatan tertinggi dibatasi secara mekanis oleh kecepatan input maksimum transmisi, kendaraan mencapai kecepatan tertinggi yang sedikit lebih tinggi (191,3 km/jam) dan mencapai kecepatan tertinggi 1,8 detik lebih cepat. Selama simulasi jarak dengan siklus New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) dan pengendaraan di jalan bebas hambatan dengan kecepatan konstan 100 km/jam, varian transmisi otomatis menunjukkan jarak tempuh yang lebih jauh hingga 7% serta meningkatkan efisiensi konsumsi energi dari 8,55 km/kWh menjadi 8,77 km/kWh.
Referensi
[1] M. Y. Bhat, A. A. Sofi, and J. A. Ganie, "Green wheels in motion: Electric vehicle sales in the path to decarbonization," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 142, p. 104704, 2025/05/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104704.
[2] G. Liobikienė and M. Butkus, "The European Union possibilities to achieve targets of Europe 2020 and Paris agreement climate policy," Renewable Energy, Article vol. 106, pp. 298-309, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.036.
[3] H. Schub, P. Plötz, and F. Sprei, "Electrifying company cars? The effects of incentives and tax benefits on electric vehicle sales in 31 European countries," Energy Research & Social Science, vol. 120, p. 103914, 2025/02/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103914.
[4] R. Watts, A. Ghosh, and J. Hinshelwood, "Exploring the Potential for Electric Retrofit Regulations and an Accreditation Scheme for the UK," Electronics, vol. 10, no. 24, doi: 10.3390/electronics10243110.
[5] K. G. Logan, J. D. Nelson, C. Brand, and A. Hastings, "Phasing in electric vehicles: Does policy focusing on operating emission achieve net zero emissions reduction objectives?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 152, pp. 100-114, 2021/10/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.08.001.
[6] D. Pedrosa, V. Monteiro, H. Goncalves, J. S. Martins, and J. L. Afonso, "A Case Study on the Conversion of an Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle into an Electric Vehicle," in 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 27-30 Oct. 2014 2014, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006994.
[7] F. Hoeft, "Internal combustion engine to electric vehicle retrofitting: Potential customer’s needs, public perception and business model implications," Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, vol. 9, p. 100330, 2021/03/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100330.
[8] S. A. Nugroho and S. Widianto, "Exploring electric vehicle adoption in Indonesia using zero-shot aspect-based sentiment analysis," Sustainable Operations and Computers, vol. 5, pp. 191-205, 2024/01/01/ 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2024.08.002.
[9] D. M. Karthik and A. C. Giriyapur, "Retrofitting of an Engine Powered Vehicle into an Electric Vehicle," in 2019 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT), 27-29 Nov. 2019 2019, pp. 949-956, doi: 10.1109/ICSSIT46314.2019.8987868.
[10] M. F. Yosua Setiawan, "Integration of Electric Drive Systems in ICE to EV Conversion: A GT-Suite Approach," Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 8-16, %10/%29 2024, doi: 10.25170/cylinder.v10i2.6008.
[11] R. Nagaraj. "Manual transmissions losing popularity globally, says study." https://www.team-bhp.com/news/manual-transmissions-losing-popularity-globally-says-study (accessed 20 April 2025, 2025).
[12] T. Casper, G. Spengler, and M. Bromberger, "The high-efficiency fully electric drivetrain of the new porsche taycan," in VDI Berichte, 2020, vol. 2020, 2373 ed., pp. 289-304. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106168578&partnerID=40&md5=6a3c8fbecda4440c42f01ba6bc0e5e64. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106168578&partnerID=40&md5=6a3c8fbecda4440c42f01ba6bc0e5e64
[13] C. Wei, "Optimal design and control of electrified powertrains," PhD Phd Thesis 1, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2020.
[14] J. Eckert, L. Silva, E. Costa, F. Santiciolli, F. G. Dedini, and F. Corrêa, "Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Optimization," IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, vol. 7, 06/03 2016, doi: 10.1049/iet-est.2016.0022.
[15] N. Xavier, Calculating the Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient of a Toyota Avanza Car CAD Model using CFD Analysis. 2023, pp. 1-5.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Yosua Setiawan, Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
