Association Between Cognitive Function and Balance Among The Elderly In Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v20i2.2639Keywords:
balance, cognitive function, elderlyAbstract
Introduction: The world is entering an aging population. With aging comes many challenges due to changes of the brain structure that affect both cognitive function and balance. The amount of cognitive function and balance impairment cases in the elderly are rising. If left unattended, it can cause numerous adverse effects in the elderly, eventually leading to the loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living. Studies have observed the relationship between cognitive impairment and balance in Indonesia, but only a few were conducted in Jakarta, specifically among elders in the nursing home. This study is aimed to observe the association between cognitive function and balance in the elderly.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis using a previous study conducted in PSTW Budi Mulia Jakarta in 2016. Demographic data, cognitive function, and balance were assessed using the demographic questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Statistical analysis is conducted using IBM SPSS Ver 22.
Results: Most respondents were female, aged 60-69 years old, had low education level, good MMSE score (53,3%), and a normal BBS (90,7%) score. We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and balance (p=0,045).
Conclusion: Cognitive function is related to balance impairment in the elderly.
Key Words: balance, cognitive function, elderly
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References
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25. Mirelman A, Herman T, Brozgol M, Dorfman M, Sprecher E, Schweiger A, et al. Executive Function and Falls in Older Adults: New Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study Link Fall Risk to Cognition. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2012 Jun 29 [cited 2021 May 14];7(6). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3386974/
26. Holtzer R, Wang C, Verghese J. The Relationship Between Attention and Gait in Aging: Facts and Fallacies. Motor Control. 2012 Jan;16(1):64–80.
27.Voos MC, Custódio EB, Malaquias J. Relationship of executive function and educational status with functional balance in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2001. 2011 Mar;34(1):11–8.
28. Surgent OJ, Dadalko OI, Pickett KA, Travers BG. Balance and the Brain: A Review of Structural Brain Correlates of Postural Balance and Balance Training in Humans. Gait Posture. 2019 Jun;71:245–52.
2. Pusat Data dan Informasi - Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 8]. Available from: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/article/view/18012600001/analisis-lansia-di-indonesia-2017.html
3. Affairs UND of E and S. World Population Ageing 2019 [Internet]. United Nations; 2020 [cited 2021 May 10]. Available from: https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210045544
4. McPhee JS, French DP, Jackson D, Nazroo J, Pendleton N, Degens H. Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology. 2016 Jun;17(3):567–80.
5. Hullinger R, Puglielli L. Molecular and cellular aspects of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Behav Brain Res. 2017;322(Pt B):191–205.
6. Turana Y, Tengkawan J, Suswanti I, Suharya DY, Riyadina W, Pradono J. Primary Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease in Indonesia. Int J Aging Res. 2019;2(3):40–40.
7. Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. World Alzheimer Report 2015. The Global Impact of Dementia. An Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, Cost and Trends. 2015.
8. Jo K, Jhoo JH, Mun Y-J, Kim YM, Kim SK, Kim S, et al. The Effect of Cognitive Intervention on Cognitive Improvement in Patients with Dementia. Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2018;17(1):23.
9. Kim H, Lee S, Ku BD, Ham SG, Park W. Associated factors for cognitive impairment in the rural highly elderly. Brain Behav. 2019 May;9(5):e01203.
10. Pramadita AP, Wati AP, Muhartomo H. HUBUNGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF DENGAN GANGGUAN KESEIMBANGAN POSTURAL PADA LANSIA. DIPONEGORO Med J J Kedokt DIPONEGORO. 2019;8(2):626–41.
11. Alonso AC, Peterson MD, Busse AL, Jacob-Filho W, Borges MTA, Serra MM, et al. Muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition are associated with braking time during driving in older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2016 Dec 1;85:13–7.
12. Dunsky A, Zeev A, Netz Y. Balance Performance Is Task Specific in Older Adults. BioMed Res Int [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Mar 12];2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605868/
13. Xiao T, Yang L, Smith L, Loprinzi PD, Veronese N, Yao J, et al. Correlation Between Cognition and Balance Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Observed Through a Tai Chi Intervention Program. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 6 [cited 2021 Feb 23];11. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153433/
14. Borowicz A, Zasadzka E, Gaczkowska A, Gawłowska O, Pawlaczyk M. Assessing gait and balance impairment in elderly residents of nursing homes. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Sep;28(9):2486–90.
15. Arevalo‐Rodriguez I, Smailagic N, Roqué i Figuls M, Ciapponi A, Sanchez‐Perez E, Giannakou A, et al. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2015 Mar 5 [cited 2021 Feb 16];2015(3). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464748/
16. Alghwiri AA, Whitney SL. CHAPTER 18 - Balance and falls. In: Guccione AA, Wong RA, Avers D, editors. Geriatric Physical Therapy (Third Edition) [Internet]. Saint Louis: Mosby; 2012 [cited 2021 May 10]. p. 331–53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323029483000274
17.Rasyid IA, Syafrita Y, Sastri S. Hubungan Faktor Risiko dengan Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia Kecamatan Padang Panjang Timur Kota Padang Panjang. J Kesehat Andalas. 2017 Jul 20;6(1):49–54.
18.Gillis C, Mirzaei F, Potashman M, Ikram MA, Maserejian N. The incidence of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and data synthesis. Alzheimers Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit. 2019 Mar 8;11:248–56.
19. Kalisch T, Kattenstroth J-C, Noth S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Rapid Assessment of Age-Related Differences in Standing Balance. J Aging Res [Internet]. 2011 May 12 [cited 2021 May 30];2011. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100560/
20. Lin HW, Bhattacharyya N. Balance disorders in the elderly: epidemiology and functional impact. The Laryngoscope. 2012 Aug;122(8):1858–61.
21. Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Bujas P, Jandzis S, Omorczyk J, Zak M. Inter-gender differences of balance indicators in persons 60–90 years of age. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 May 11;13:903–12.
22. Deschamps T, Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Cornu C, Mignardot J-B. Postural control and cognitive decline in older adults: Position versus velocity implicit motor strategy. Gait Posture. 2014 Jan;39(1):628–30.
23. Goto S, Sasaki A, Takahashi I, Mitsuhashi Y, Nakaji S, Matsubara A. Relationship between cognitive function and balance in a community-dwelling population in Japan. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 2018 May 4;138(5):471–4.
24. Liu X, Chen MH, Yue GH. Postural Control Dysfunction and Balance Rehabilitation in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci [Internet]. 2020 Nov 19 [cited 2021 May 14];10(11). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699138/
25. Mirelman A, Herman T, Brozgol M, Dorfman M, Sprecher E, Schweiger A, et al. Executive Function and Falls in Older Adults: New Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study Link Fall Risk to Cognition. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2012 Jun 29 [cited 2021 May 14];7(6). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3386974/
26. Holtzer R, Wang C, Verghese J. The Relationship Between Attention and Gait in Aging: Facts and Fallacies. Motor Control. 2012 Jan;16(1):64–80.
27.Voos MC, Custódio EB, Malaquias J. Relationship of executive function and educational status with functional balance in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2001. 2011 Mar;34(1):11–8.
28. Surgent OJ, Dadalko OI, Pickett KA, Travers BG. Balance and the Brain: A Review of Structural Brain Correlates of Postural Balance and Balance Training in Humans. Gait Posture. 2019 Jun;71:245–52.
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Published
2021-11-30
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1.
Karyn I, Handayani MDN, Darmawan O. Association Between Cognitive Function and Balance Among The Elderly In Jakarta. DJM [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 30 [cited 2024 Apr. 18];20(2):89-96. Available from: https://ejournal.atmajaya.ac.id/index.php/damianus/article/view/2639
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