Sindrom Gitelman dengan manifestasi paralisis hipokalemia pada wanita hamil

Authors

  • Marcella Adisuhanto Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
  • Yudistira Panji Santosa Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Arif Sejati Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Mutiara Riani Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Mario Steffanus Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Angelina Yuwono Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Jennifer Wiranatha Profession of Medical Doctor, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Adrian Surya Cendana Profession of Medical Doctor, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Maria Riastuti Iryaningrum Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v23i1.4231

Keywords:

hipokalemia, kehamilan, paralisis hipokalemia, sindrom Gitelman

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Sindrom Gitelman merupakan kondisi tubulopati kehilangan garam yang ditandai dengan alkalosis metabolik dengan hipokalemia, hipomagnesemia, dan hipokalsiuria. Kasus sindrom Gitelman pada kehamilan jarang dipublikasikan hingga saat ini.

Laporan Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 23 tahun pada kehamilan ketiga dengan usia gestasi 21 minggu datang dengan kelemahan pada kedua tungkai dan kekakuan pada kedua tangan, kemudian terdiagnosis dengan sindrom Gitelman (SG). Pasien memiliki riwayat emesis gravidarum dan defek septum atrium (DSA). Pada pemeriksaan neurologis didapatkan penurunan kekuatan motorik pada kedua tungkai. Pemeriksaan elektrolit menunjukkan adanya hiponatremia, hipokalemia, hipokalsemia, dan hipomagnesemia, serta terdapat peningkatan kadar natrium, kalium, dan klorida pada urin. Ekokardiografi menunjukkan adanya defek septum atrium sekundum dengan left-to-right shunt. Selama perawatan, pasien diberikan natrium, kalium, kalsium, dan magnesium secara intravena yang kemudian dilanjutkan secara oral. Pasien kemudian melahirkan bayi yang sehat dan tidak ditemukan komplikasi selama dan sesudah persalinan. Dua bulan setelah persalinan, pasien kontrol ke poliklinik penyakit dalam dan kondisinya stabil dengan dosis suplementasi kalium yang diturunkan.

Diskusi: Pasien dengan SG mengalami gangguan dalam kon-servasi kadar kalium dan magnesium. Kondisi ini dapat diperburuk dengan perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi selama kehamilan, meliputi ekspansi volume serta meningkatnya aliran darah ke ginjal dan laju filtrasi glomerulus, yang berkontribusi terhadap hipo-kalemia. Selain itu, terdapat peningkatan kebutuhan kalium dan magnesium pada populasi ibu hamil. Efek protektif yang menurun juga semakin memperburuk penurunan kadar kalium dan magnesium.

Simpulan: Diagnosis dan tatalaksana yang baik dapat membantu ibu hamil dengan SG dan DSA menjalani persalinan dengan lancar dan melahirkan bayi yang sehat.

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Published

2024-04-30

How to Cite

1.
Adisuhanto M, Santosa YP, Sejati A, Riani M, Steffanus M, Yuwono A, Wiranatha J, Cendana AS, Iryaningrum MR. Sindrom Gitelman dengan manifestasi paralisis hipokalemia pada wanita hamil. DJM [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];23(1):80-4. Available from: https://ejournal.atmajaya.ac.id/index.php/damianus/article/view/4231
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