Modernisasi dan Manusia Kontemporer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v21i01.525Kata Kunci:
hak asasi, kebebasan, moralitas, hukumAbstrak
Dalam dunia modern, manusia cenderung untuk menegaskan tuntutannya
untuk bisa menentukan hidup dan keputusan sendiri, memilih keyakinan spiritual
atau religius yang hendak dituruti, memutuskan bentuk kehidupan yang hendak
dijalani serta mengekspresikan ide dan gagasan pribadi. Cukup jelas bahwa sumber dan
fokus dari tuntutan-tuntutan ini adalah individu, karena itu diklasifikasikan sebagai
“tuntutan individualisme”. Sedemikian bakunya nilai-nilai dari tuntutan-tuntutan di
atas, mereka kemudian dianggap sebagai hak yang melekat dalam diri setiap individu
and secara legal dijamin oleh sistem hukum.
Referensi
Adorno, Theodor W. dan Max Horkeimer, 1972. Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John
Cumming, New York: Herder and Herder.
Agustinus, St., 1991.Confessions, trans. Henry Chadwick, New York: Oxford University
Press.
Bell, Daniel, 1979. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, ed. II, London: Heinemann
Educational Books Ltd.
Bloom, Allan, 1987. The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has
Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students, New York:
Simon and Schuster, Inc..
d’Entrèves, Maurizio Passerin and Leyla Benhabib, eds., 1996. Habermas and the
Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of
Modernity , Cambridge: Polity, Press.
Habermas, Jürgen 1981. “Modernity versus Postmodernity,” New German Critique 22
(1981).
----------------------, 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the
Rationalization of Society, Vol. 1, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Cambridge: Polity
Press.
----------------------,, 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the
Rationalization of Society, Vol. 1, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Cambridge: Polity
Press.
----------------------,, 1987. The Theory of Communicative Action: Lifeworld and System:
A Critique of Functionalist Reason, Vol. II, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Boston,
Massachusetts: Beacon.
----------------------,, 1987. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, trans. Frederick G.
Lawrence, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hegel, G. W. F., 2001. Philosophy of Right, trans. S. W. Dyde, Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche
Books.
Horton, John dan Susan Mendus, 1994. “Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and After,” in
Alasdair MacIntyre: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair MacIntyre, ed.
John Horton dan Susan Mendus. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Lasch, Christopher, 1979. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age
of Diminishing Expectations, New York, London: W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc.
Lumowa, Valentino “Prinsip Otentisitas Charles Taylor: Antara Kosmopolitanisme dan
Nasionalisme,” Jurnal Etika 1 (2009)
Lumowa, Valentino “Benjamin Constant on Modern Freedoms, Political liberty, and the
Role of a Representative System,” Ethical Perspective 17 (2010).
MacIntyre, Alasdair 1987. After Virtue: A Study on Moral Theory, London: Gerald
Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
Nietzsche, Friedrich W., 1933. Thus Spake Zarathustra, trans. A. Tille, London: J. M. Dent
& Sons LTD..
Nietzsche, Friedrich W. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, http://www.feedbooks.com
Ohitimur, Johanis, 2011. Pengabaian Metafisika dan Implikasinya: Pidato Pengukuhan
Jabatan Guru Besar dalam Bidang Filsafat Metafisika Pada Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat
Seminari Pineleng, Manado: STFSP.
Schacht, Richard, 2001. “Nietzsche,” in A Companion to the Philosophers, ed. Robert L.
Arrington, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers..
Smith, Nicholas, 2002. Charles Taylor: Meaning, Morals, and Modernity, Cambridge: Polity
Taylor, Charles. 1992. The Ethics of Authenticity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London:
Harvard University Press.
Taylor, Charles, 1992. “Inwardness and the Culture of Modernity,” dalam Axel Honneth,
Thomas McCarthy, Claus Offe, dan Albrecht Wellmer, eds., Philosophical
Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment, trans. William Rehg,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: MIT Press.
----------------------,, 1993. “Modernity and the Rise of Public Sphere,” dalam The Tanner
Lectures on Human Values, Vol. XIV, Grethe B. Peterson, ed., Salt Lake City:
University of Utah Press.
----------------------,, 1997. “Introduction” The Disenchantment of the World: A Political
History of Religion, by Marchel Gauchet, trans. Oscar Burge, Princeton, New
Jersey: Princeton University Press.
----------------------,, in Charles Taylor, “Two Theories of Modernity,” Public Culture 11,
no. 1 (1999).
----------------------, “Two Theories of Modernity,” Public Culture 11, no. 1 (1999).
----------------------, 2007. A Secular Age (Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: The
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 2000. Democracy in America, trans. Harvey Mansfield dan Delba
Winthrop, Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
Weber, Max, 2002. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Stephen Kalberg,
Oxford, Los Angeles, California: Blackwell Publishers and Roxbury Publishing
Company. Press..
Cumming, New York: Herder and Herder.
Agustinus, St., 1991.Confessions, trans. Henry Chadwick, New York: Oxford University
Press.
Bell, Daniel, 1979. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, ed. II, London: Heinemann
Educational Books Ltd.
Bloom, Allan, 1987. The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has
Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students, New York:
Simon and Schuster, Inc..
d’Entrèves, Maurizio Passerin and Leyla Benhabib, eds., 1996. Habermas and the
Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of
Modernity , Cambridge: Polity, Press.
Habermas, Jürgen 1981. “Modernity versus Postmodernity,” New German Critique 22
(1981).
----------------------, 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the
Rationalization of Society, Vol. 1, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Cambridge: Polity
Press.
----------------------,, 1984. The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the
Rationalization of Society, Vol. 1, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Cambridge: Polity
Press.
----------------------,, 1987. The Theory of Communicative Action: Lifeworld and System:
A Critique of Functionalist Reason, Vol. II, trans. Thomas McCarthy, Boston,
Massachusetts: Beacon.
----------------------,, 1987. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, trans. Frederick G.
Lawrence, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hegel, G. W. F., 2001. Philosophy of Right, trans. S. W. Dyde, Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche
Books.
Horton, John dan Susan Mendus, 1994. “Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and After,” in
Alasdair MacIntyre: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair MacIntyre, ed.
John Horton dan Susan Mendus. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Lasch, Christopher, 1979. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age
of Diminishing Expectations, New York, London: W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc.
Lumowa, Valentino “Prinsip Otentisitas Charles Taylor: Antara Kosmopolitanisme dan
Nasionalisme,” Jurnal Etika 1 (2009)
Lumowa, Valentino “Benjamin Constant on Modern Freedoms, Political liberty, and the
Role of a Representative System,” Ethical Perspective 17 (2010).
MacIntyre, Alasdair 1987. After Virtue: A Study on Moral Theory, London: Gerald
Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
Nietzsche, Friedrich W., 1933. Thus Spake Zarathustra, trans. A. Tille, London: J. M. Dent
& Sons LTD..
Nietzsche, Friedrich W. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, http://www.feedbooks.com
Ohitimur, Johanis, 2011. Pengabaian Metafisika dan Implikasinya: Pidato Pengukuhan
Jabatan Guru Besar dalam Bidang Filsafat Metafisika Pada Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat
Seminari Pineleng, Manado: STFSP.
Schacht, Richard, 2001. “Nietzsche,” in A Companion to the Philosophers, ed. Robert L.
Arrington, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers..
Smith, Nicholas, 2002. Charles Taylor: Meaning, Morals, and Modernity, Cambridge: Polity
Taylor, Charles. 1992. The Ethics of Authenticity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London:
Harvard University Press.
Taylor, Charles, 1992. “Inwardness and the Culture of Modernity,” dalam Axel Honneth,
Thomas McCarthy, Claus Offe, dan Albrecht Wellmer, eds., Philosophical
Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment, trans. William Rehg,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: MIT Press.
----------------------,, 1993. “Modernity and the Rise of Public Sphere,” dalam The Tanner
Lectures on Human Values, Vol. XIV, Grethe B. Peterson, ed., Salt Lake City:
University of Utah Press.
----------------------,, 1997. “Introduction” The Disenchantment of the World: A Political
History of Religion, by Marchel Gauchet, trans. Oscar Burge, Princeton, New
Jersey: Princeton University Press.
----------------------,, in Charles Taylor, “Two Theories of Modernity,” Public Culture 11,
no. 1 (1999).
----------------------, “Two Theories of Modernity,” Public Culture 11, no. 1 (1999).
----------------------, 2007. A Secular Age (Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: The
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 2000. Democracy in America, trans. Harvey Mansfield dan Delba
Winthrop, Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
Weber, Max, 2002. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Stephen Kalberg,
Oxford, Los Angeles, California: Blackwell Publishers and Roxbury Publishing
Company. Press..
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
2019-05-27
Cara Mengutip
Lumowa, V. (2019). Modernisasi dan Manusia Kontemporer. Respons: Jurnal Etika Sosial, 21(01), 51–87. https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v21i01.525
Terbitan
Bagian
Articles
