Urgensi Kebajikan Intelektual di Era Pasca-Kebenaran: Suatu Deskripsi Analitis Melalui Pemikiran Epistemologi Kebajikan Linda Zagzebski
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v23i02.554Kata Kunci:
epistemologi kebajikan, kecakapan intelektual, kebajikan intelektual, pasca-kebenaran, virtue epistemology, intellectual skills, intellectual virtues, post-truthAbstrak
Epistemologi kebajikan (virtue epistemology) adalah suatu gerakan dalam
epistemologi yang menggeser fokus epistemologi dari semula menekankan pada
keyakinan yang membentuk pengetahuan menuju penekanan pada agen penahu.
Strategi analisisnya adalah menggagas karakter kebajikan yang disyaratkan dimiliki
oleh agen penahu dalam proses berpengetahuan. Selaras dengan etika kebajikan
yang menekankan pada karakter dari agen moral, epistemologi kebajikan
mengalihkan fokus dari properti-properti keyakinan kepada karakter intelektual
dari agen penahu. Nilai epistemik dipahami sebagai kualitas dari agen penahu
yang memampukannya bertindak efektif secara kognitif dan dalam cara-cara
terpuji. Artikel ini merupakan deskripsi analitis terhadap epistemologi kebajikan,
khususnya dalam pemikiran Linda Zagzebski mengenai kecakapan intelektual
dan kebajikan intelektual, serta mendemonstrasikan urgensinya dalam membaca
fenomena era dan masyarakat pasca-kebenaran yang ditandai oleh semakin
sumirnya batas antara fakta dan fi ksi, serta semakin tidak berperannya fakta
objektif dalam membentuk opini publik dibandingkan bujukan dan preferensi
emosional. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa di tengah keniscayaan perkembangan
teknologi informasi yang memungkinkan terciptanya era dan masyarakat pascakebenaran,
kebajikan intelektual perlu dikembangkan untuk mengaktifkan
kembali percakapan publik yang sehat dalam ‘mendekati kebenaran’. Kebajikan
intelektual tidak diartikan sebagai dominasi terhadap pluralitas opini, melainkan
suatu sikap bertanggung jawab dari agen penahu dalam hidup dan berhadapan
dengan era pasca-kebenaran.
Virtue epistemology is a movement in epistemology that shifts the focus
from its initial emphasis on beliefs that form knowledge towards an emphasis on the
knower. Th e strategy of the analysis is to initiate the character of the virtues needed by
the knower in the process of acquiring knowledge. Aligned with the ethics of virtues
that emphasizes the character of the moral agent, virtue epistemology shifted focus
from the properties of belief to the intellectual character of the knower. Epistemic
value is understood as the quality of the knower that enables him to act cognitively in
commendable ways. Th is article is an analytical description of the virtue epistemology,
in particular, in Linda Zagzebski’s thought about intellectual skills and intellectual
virtues. Th is paper also seeks to demonstrate the urgency in interpreting phenomena
and society in the post-truth era which is marked by boundary vagueness between
facts and fi ction and the diminishing role of objective facts in shaping public opinion
when compared to persuasion and emotional preference. Th is article argues that
in the midst of the inevitability of the development of information technology that
enables the post-truth era and its society, intellectual virtue needs to be developed to
reactivate lively public conversation in ‘approaching the truth.’ Intellectual virtue
is not construed as dominance against the plurality of opinion, but a responsible
attitude of the knower in life which deals with the post-truth era.
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