Gross motor function and epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy

Authors

  • Yurika Elizabeth Susanti Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Marcelina Pepita Kristiono Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Arvin Leonard Sumadi Jap Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Gratianus Billy Himawan Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Rifqi Khairi Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Nurul Hidayah Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v24i2.6041

Keywords:

cerebral palsy, comorbidiy, epilepsy, GMFCS

Abstract

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of cerebral palsy (CP). Variations in gross motor function affect functional outcomes in CP children significantly. This study aims to analyze the association between gross motor function and epilepsy in children with CP.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Pediatric Inpatient Ward, Outpatient Clinic, and Medical Rehabilitation Installation at Ulin General Hospital in Banjarmasin from July to September 2024. The subjects of the study were children between the ages of 2 and 18 who had been diagnosed with CP. We evaluated gross motor function utilizing the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), categorizing the results into two groups: mild-moderate (GMFCS I-III) and severe (GMFCS IV-V) motor dysfunction. Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The study involved a total of 42 subjects diagnosed with CP. Twenty-eight subjects (66.7%) had epilepsy as a comorbidity. Twenty-three subjects experienced generalized seizures (82.1%), and 18 subjects were quadriplegic (64.3%). There were 17 subjects (40.5%) with mild-moderate motor dysfunction and 25 subjects (59.5%) with severe motor dysfunction. Twenty subjects with epilepsy showed severe motor dysfunction (71.4%). A significant association was identified between severe gross motor function and epilepsy in children with CP (p=0.026).

Conclusion: Epilepsy was found to be significantly associated with cerebral palsy in children with severe gross motor dysfunction.

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Author Biographies

  • Yurika Elizabeth Susanti, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Yurika Elizabeth Susanti is a general practitioner that has great interest in sciences and research especially in pediatric field. She graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia at 2017. She finished an internship at Baptist Batu Hospital and Bumiaji Primary Health Center at 2018. She worked at YPK Mandiri Hospital and became research assistant in neonatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Now, she is taking internship program at Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin. She also became part-time writer at some website such as Hello Health Group and Nutricia Professional.

  • Marcelina Pepita Kristiono, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Marcelina Pepita Kristiono is a pediatric resident that has great interest in sciences and research. Now, she is joining the pediatric residency at Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Previously, she was general practitioner that worked at Pondok Indah Hospital, Jakarta. She graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.

  • Arvin Leonard Sumadi Jap, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Arvin Leonard Sumadi Jap is a pediatric resident that has great interest in sciences and research. Now, he is joining the pediatric residency at Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. He graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University.

  • Gratianus Billy Himawan, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Gratianus Billy Himawan is a pediatric resident that has great interest in sciences and research. Now, he is joining the pediatric residency at Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. He graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

     

  • Muhammad Rifqi Khairi, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Muhammad Rifqi Khairi is a pediatric resident that has great interest in sciences and research. Now, he is joining the pediatric residency at Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. He graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.

  • Nurul Hidayah, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

    Nurul Hidayah is a neuropediatric consultant that has great interest in sciences and research. Now, she is also becoming a staff at Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. She took the neuropediatric consultant and Master of Science at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.

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Published

2025-08-30

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Damianus Journal of Medicine

Section

Articles

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How to Cite

1.
Susanti YE, Kristiono MP, Jap ALS, Himawan GB, Khairi MR, Hidayah N. Gross motor function and epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. DJM [Internet]. 2025 Aug. 30 [cited 2025 Sep. 26];24(2):126-34. Available from: https://ejournal.atmajaya.ac.id/index.php/damianus/article/view/6041