Kritik Atas Ekonomi Pasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v15i02.577Kata Kunci:
pasar bebas, kapitalisme, transformasi, ruang publik, ketercakupan ekonomi dan masyarakat, masyarakat warga negara, budaya politik liberal, sistem demokrasi dan negara hukum, free market, capitalism, transformation, public spehere, embeddedness, civil society, liberal political culture, democracyAbstrak
Tulisan ini merupakan kajian atas pemikiran Karl Polanyi dalam The
Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time berhadapan
dengan pemikiran Jürgen Habermas dalam The Structural Transformation of the Public
Sphere: An Inquiry Into Category of Bourgeois Society. Polanyi menganalisis sejarah
muncul dan runtuhnya masyarakat pasar di abad ke sembilan belas, sementara
Habermas
menganalisis sejarah masyarakat borjuis Eropa di abad ketujuh belas dan
delapan
belas yang merupakan model dari masyarakat kapitalis modern. Keduanya
sampai pada kesimpulan yang sama bahwa warga negara yang terdeliberasi memungkinkan
terbentuknya opini publik yang rasional yang secara kritis dapat mengawal
sistem politik demi mencapai integrasi sosial.
This article examines the main theory of Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation:
The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time vis-à-vis Jürgen Habermas’
thought in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into Category
of Bourgeois Society. Polanyi analyzes the history of the rise and fall of nineteenth
century market society whereas Habermas analyzes the history of the late seventeenth
and
eighteenth century of European Bourgeois public sphere as the model of re-coupling the
economy and society in modern capitalist states. Both Polanyi and Habermas come to a
conclusion that informal citizen deliberation enabling the formation of rational public
opinion that guides critically political system for the sake of social integration.
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