PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI DAN UPAYA TERHADAP NIATAN BERHENTI DENGAN MEDIASI KINERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN SINDROM KELELAHAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/jm.v15i2.476Keywords:
Turnover Intention, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, Self-Efficacy, EffortsAbstract
The purpose of this study to examines (1) whether the turnover intention is influenced by job performance, job satisfaction and employee burnout; (2) whether job performance is influenced by self-efficacy and efforts; (3) whether job satisfaction is influenced by self-efficacy and efforts; and (4) whether burnout is influenced by self-efficacy. The study is conducted at PT. XYZ with the respondents are 102 staffs at the Station and Service Hub in Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Terminal 2 and 3, Cengkareng. The analysis technique of this study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 2.0 tools. The results of the study have proven that the turnover intention is influenced by job performance and burnout, but it is not proven that the turnover intention is influenced by job satisfaction. It is also proven that job performance is influenced by self-efficacy and efforts. Job satisfaction is also proven to be influenced by self-efficacy, but job satisfaction is not proven influenced by efforts. Finally it is proven that burnout is influenced by self-efficacy.
References
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Ahmad, A. & Rainyee, R. A. (2014). Which is the better predictor or employee turnover intention: Job satisfaction or organizational commitment? A Literature Review, International Journal of Information, Business and Management, Vol. 6, No.1, pp. 2-10.
Alexander, J. A., Liechtenstein, R. O and Hellman, E. (1998). A Causal Model of Voluntary Turnover among Nursing Personnel in Long Term Psychiatric Setting. Research in Nursing and Health Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 415-427.
Awang-Hashim, R., O’Neil, H. F. & Hocevar, D. (2002). Ethnicity, Effort, Self-Efficacy, Worry, and Statistics Achievement in Malaysia: A Construct Validation of the State-Trait Motivation Model. Educational Assesment, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 341-364.
Bradley, D. E. and Roberts, J. A. (2004). Self-employment and job satisfaction: Investigating the role of self-efficacy, depression, and seniority. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 42, No.1, pp. 37–58.
Cellucci, A. J. dan DeVries, D. L. (1978). Measuring managerial satisfaction: A manual for the MJSQ. Technical Report 11.
Chen, G., Gully, S. M. and Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods 2001; Vol. 4, pp. 62-83. DOI: 10.1177/109442810141004.
Dachlan, U. (2014). Panduan Lengkap Structural Equation Modeling; Tingkat Dasar, Edisi Pertama. Semarang:Lentera Ilmu.
Friedman, H. S. dan Schustack, M. W. (2006). Kepribadian: Teori Klasik & Riset Modern, Edisi 3, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Gkolia, A., Belias, D. and Koustelios, A. (2014). Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Self-Efficacy: A Review. European Scientific Journal, Vol.10, No.22, pp. 321-342.
Handoko, T. H. (1988), Manajemen Personalia Dan Sumberdaya manusia. Yogyakarta: BPFE-Yogyakarta.
Hariandja, M. T. E. (2002). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2002). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi Revisi, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2005). Organisasi dan Motivasi, Dasar Peningkatan Produktivitas, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Hofaidhllaoui, M. & Chhinzer, N.. (2014). The Relationship Between Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions for Knowledge Workers, Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 3-9, DOI: 10.1080/10429247.2014.11432006.
Hom, P. W., & Griffeth, R. W. (1991). Structural equations modeling test of a turnover theory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 350-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.350
Huning, T. M. and Thomson, N. F. (2011). An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Performance Attributions and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions, Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Vol. 15, No. 1, 121-130.
Iskandar, T. M., Sari, R. N., Mohd-Sanusi, Z. & Anugerah, R. (2012). Enhancing auditors' performance: The importance of motivational factors and the mediation effect of effort. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 462-476, DOI 10.1108/02686901211227959
Iyoro, A.O., Shorunke, O.A. and Akinola, A.O. (2015). Demographic Variables, Self-Efficacy and Work-Family Conflict among Women Librarians in Ondo State Nigeria. International Research: Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 148-161.
Jamal, M. (1997). Job stress, satisfaction and mental health: An empirical examination of self employed and non-self employed Canadians. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4), 48-57.
Johnson, N. E., Saccuzzo, D. P., & Larson, G. E. (1995). Self-Reported Effort versus Actual Performance in Information Processing Paradigms. The Journal of General Psychology, Vol. 122, No. 2, pp.195–210. DOI:10.1080/00221309.1995.9921232
Judge, T.A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C., & Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 17-34.
Karatepe, O. M., Uludag, O., Menevis, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L., & Baddar, L. (2006). The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Tourism Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 547–560. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.009
Kosevic, A. & Loh, J. (2015). ForLove: The Mediating Role of Self Efficacy on Workaholism, Job Satisfaction and Burnout. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, Vol. 08, No. 02, pp. 493–505.
Kwong, K. and Kay W. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Thecniques Using SmartPLS, Marketing Bulletin.
Lai, M-C. & Chen, Y-C. (2012). Self-Efficacy, Effort, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention: The Effect of Personal Characteristics on Organization Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 4, 387-391
Lambert, E. G. (2010). The Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior With Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intent, Life Satisfaction, and Burnout Among Correctional Staff. Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society, 23:4, 361-380, DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2010.516533.
Laschober, T. C. & Eby, L. T. d. T. (2013). Substance Use Disorder Counselors’ Job Performance and Turnover after 1 Year: Linear or Curvilinear Relationship? Administration Policy Mental and Health Services Research, Vol. 40, pp. 300–310. DOI 10.1007/s10488-012-0420-1.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2011), Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
March, J. G. and Simon, H. A. (1958). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496194
Mathis, R. L. dan Jackson, J. H. (2006). Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Mathis, R. L. dan Jackson, J. H. (2001), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi I. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Menguc, B. (1996). Evidence for Turkish Industrial Salespeople: Testing The Applicability of A Conceptual Model For The Effect of Effort on Sales Performance and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, No.1, pp.33–51.
Mobley, W.H. (1997). Intermediate Linkages in The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 62, pp. 237 – 240.
Muindi, F. & K’Obonyo, P. (2015). Quality of Work Life, Personality, Job Satisfaction, Competence, And Job Performance: A Critical Review of Literature. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 11, No. 26, pp. 223-240.
Moorhead, G. dan Griffin, R. W. (2013). Perilaku Organisasi: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dan Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Olusegun, S. O. (2013). Influence of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions of Library Personnel in Selected Univerisities in South West Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 914
Park, J. dan Lee, J. (2016). Measuring the Impact of Organizational Culture on Burnout and Turnover Intention Among Early Childhood Teachers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315040497_The_Effects_of_Organizational_Culture_on_Early_Childhood_Teacher's_Burnout_and_Intention_to_Leave, download, January 1, 2017.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Perilaku Organisasi: Konsep-Kontroversi-Aplikasi, Jilid I, Edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenhallindo
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Perilaku Organisasi. Konsep, Kontroversi, Aplikasi, Jilid I, Edisi Kedelapan. Jakarta: Prenhallindo.
Robbins, S. P. dan Mary C. (2010). Manajemen, Edisi Kesepuluh. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Shih, H-A. & Susanto, E. (2010). Conflict Management Styles, Emotional Intelligence, and Job Performance in Public Organizations. International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 21 Issue: 2, pp.147-168, https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061011037387
Skaalvik, E. M. and Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of Teacher Self-Efficacy and Relations with Strain Factors, Perceived Collective Teacher Efficacy, and Teacher Burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 99, No. 3. Pp. 611-625.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 240-261.
Wibowo. (2007). Manajemen Kinerja. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
Wirawan. (2009). Evaluasi Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori Aplikasi dan Penelitian. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Wiyono, G. (2011). 3 in One Merancang Penelitian Bisnis dengan Alat Analisis SPSS 17.0 & SmartPLS 2.0. Yogyakarta: Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan STIM YKPN.
Ahmad, A. & Rainyee, R. A. (2014). Which is the better predictor or employee turnover intention: Job satisfaction or organizational commitment? A Literature Review, International Journal of Information, Business and Management, Vol. 6, No.1, pp. 2-10.
Alexander, J. A., Liechtenstein, R. O and Hellman, E. (1998). A Causal Model of Voluntary Turnover among Nursing Personnel in Long Term Psychiatric Setting. Research in Nursing and Health Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 415-427.
Awang-Hashim, R., O’Neil, H. F. & Hocevar, D. (2002). Ethnicity, Effort, Self-Efficacy, Worry, and Statistics Achievement in Malaysia: A Construct Validation of the State-Trait Motivation Model. Educational Assesment, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 341-364.
Bradley, D. E. and Roberts, J. A. (2004). Self-employment and job satisfaction: Investigating the role of self-efficacy, depression, and seniority. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 42, No.1, pp. 37–58.
Cellucci, A. J. dan DeVries, D. L. (1978). Measuring managerial satisfaction: A manual for the MJSQ. Technical Report 11.
Chen, G., Gully, S. M. and Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods 2001; Vol. 4, pp. 62-83. DOI: 10.1177/109442810141004.
Dachlan, U. (2014). Panduan Lengkap Structural Equation Modeling; Tingkat Dasar, Edisi Pertama. Semarang:Lentera Ilmu.
Friedman, H. S. dan Schustack, M. W. (2006). Kepribadian: Teori Klasik & Riset Modern, Edisi 3, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Gkolia, A., Belias, D. and Koustelios, A. (2014). Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Self-Efficacy: A Review. European Scientific Journal, Vol.10, No.22, pp. 321-342.
Handoko, T. H. (1988), Manajemen Personalia Dan Sumberdaya manusia. Yogyakarta: BPFE-Yogyakarta.
Hariandja, M. T. E. (2002). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2002). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi Revisi, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2005). Organisasi dan Motivasi, Dasar Peningkatan Produktivitas, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Hofaidhllaoui, M. & Chhinzer, N.. (2014). The Relationship Between Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions for Knowledge Workers, Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 3-9, DOI: 10.1080/10429247.2014.11432006.
Hom, P. W., & Griffeth, R. W. (1991). Structural equations modeling test of a turnover theory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 350-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.350
Huning, T. M. and Thomson, N. F. (2011). An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Performance Attributions and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions, Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Vol. 15, No. 1, 121-130.
Iskandar, T. M., Sari, R. N., Mohd-Sanusi, Z. & Anugerah, R. (2012). Enhancing auditors' performance: The importance of motivational factors and the mediation effect of effort. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 462-476, DOI 10.1108/02686901211227959
Iyoro, A.O., Shorunke, O.A. and Akinola, A.O. (2015). Demographic Variables, Self-Efficacy and Work-Family Conflict among Women Librarians in Ondo State Nigeria. International Research: Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 148-161.
Jamal, M. (1997). Job stress, satisfaction and mental health: An empirical examination of self employed and non-self employed Canadians. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4), 48-57.
Johnson, N. E., Saccuzzo, D. P., & Larson, G. E. (1995). Self-Reported Effort versus Actual Performance in Information Processing Paradigms. The Journal of General Psychology, Vol. 122, No. 2, pp.195–210. DOI:10.1080/00221309.1995.9921232
Judge, T.A., Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C., & Kluger, A.N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 17-34.
Karatepe, O. M., Uludag, O., Menevis, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L., & Baddar, L. (2006). The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Tourism Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 547–560. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.009
Kosevic, A. & Loh, J. (2015). ForLove: The Mediating Role of Self Efficacy on Workaholism, Job Satisfaction and Burnout. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, Vol. 08, No. 02, pp. 493–505.
Kwong, K. and Kay W. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Thecniques Using SmartPLS, Marketing Bulletin.
Lai, M-C. & Chen, Y-C. (2012). Self-Efficacy, Effort, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention: The Effect of Personal Characteristics on Organization Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 4, 387-391
Lambert, E. G. (2010). The Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior With Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intent, Life Satisfaction, and Burnout Among Correctional Staff. Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society, 23:4, 361-380, DOI: 10.1080/1478601X.2010.516533.
Laschober, T. C. & Eby, L. T. d. T. (2013). Substance Use Disorder Counselors’ Job Performance and Turnover after 1 Year: Linear or Curvilinear Relationship? Administration Policy Mental and Health Services Research, Vol. 40, pp. 300–310. DOI 10.1007/s10488-012-0420-1.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2011), Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
March, J. G. and Simon, H. A. (1958). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496194
Mathis, R. L. dan Jackson, J. H. (2006). Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Mathis, R. L. dan Jackson, J. H. (2001), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi I. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Menguc, B. (1996). Evidence for Turkish Industrial Salespeople: Testing The Applicability of A Conceptual Model For The Effect of Effort on Sales Performance and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, No.1, pp.33–51.
Mobley, W.H. (1997). Intermediate Linkages in The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 62, pp. 237 – 240.
Muindi, F. & K’Obonyo, P. (2015). Quality of Work Life, Personality, Job Satisfaction, Competence, And Job Performance: A Critical Review of Literature. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 11, No. 26, pp. 223-240.
Moorhead, G. dan Griffin, R. W. (2013). Perilaku Organisasi: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dan Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Olusegun, S. O. (2013). Influence of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions of Library Personnel in Selected Univerisities in South West Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 914
Park, J. dan Lee, J. (2016). Measuring the Impact of Organizational Culture on Burnout and Turnover Intention Among Early Childhood Teachers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315040497_The_Effects_of_Organizational_Culture_on_Early_Childhood_Teacher's_Burnout_and_Intention_to_Leave, download, January 1, 2017.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Perilaku Organisasi: Konsep-Kontroversi-Aplikasi, Jilid I, Edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenhallindo
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Perilaku Organisasi. Konsep, Kontroversi, Aplikasi, Jilid I, Edisi Kedelapan. Jakarta: Prenhallindo.
Robbins, S. P. dan Mary C. (2010). Manajemen, Edisi Kesepuluh. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Shih, H-A. & Susanto, E. (2010). Conflict Management Styles, Emotional Intelligence, and Job Performance in Public Organizations. International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 21 Issue: 2, pp.147-168, https://doi.org/10.1108/10444061011037387
Skaalvik, E. M. and Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of Teacher Self-Efficacy and Relations with Strain Factors, Perceived Collective Teacher Efficacy, and Teacher Burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 99, No. 3. Pp. 611-625.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 240-261.
Wibowo. (2007). Manajemen Kinerja. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
Wirawan. (2009). Evaluasi Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori Aplikasi dan Penelitian. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Wiyono, G. (2011). 3 in One Merancang Penelitian Bisnis dengan Alat Analisis SPSS 17.0 & SmartPLS 2.0. Yogyakarta: Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan STIM YKPN.
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