Depresi dan pendidikan rendah sebagai determinan utama kualitas hidup pada lansia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v23i3.4822Keywords:
depresi, kualitas hidup, lansia, pendidikan, usiaAbstract
Pendahuluan: Kualitas hidup mencerminkan status kesehatan dan kesejahteraan lansia, namun kualitas hidup cenderung menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor (faktor sosiodemografi, depresi, dan fungsi kognitif) yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup lansia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 205 responden berusia ≥60 tahun di Pusat Santunan Keluarga (PUSAKA) Jelambar dan Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat. Kualitas hidup dinilai dengan kuesioner World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF); depresi dinilai dengan Geriatric Depression Scale-15; fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia; variabel lainnya menggunakan kuesioner. Regresi logistik multivariat digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas hidup dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.
Hasil: Berdasarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi, sebagian besar responden adalah wanita (72,2%), dengan usia lebih dari sama dengan 70 tahun (57,1%), berpendidikan kurang dari sama dengan 12 tahun (56,1%), dan bertatus menikah (55,6%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara depresi dengan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan (p=0,014; OR=2,566), kepuasan terhadap kesehatan (p=0,007; OR=2,869), domain fisik (p=0,003; OR=3,049), domain psikologis (p=0,000; OR=4,458), domain hubungan sosial (p=0,000; OR=3,967), dan domain lingkungan (p=0,001; OR=3,407). Pendidikan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan (p= 0,002), kepuasan terhadap kesehatan (p= 0,016), domain fisik (p= 0,004), domain psikologis (p= 0,012), dan domain lingkungan (p= 0,008). Selain itu, usia hanya memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan (p= 0,004).
Simpulan: Pendidikan rendah berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan, kepuasan terhadap kesehatan, domain fisik, domain psikologis, dan domain lingkungan, sedangkan depresi menjadi faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup dan keempat domainnya serta lansia yang mengalami depresi lebih berisiko memiliki kualitas hidup yang buruk.
Downloads
References
Ageing. World Health Organization. [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageing
Indonesia Masuki Periode Aging Population [Internet]. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019 [cited 2022Oct26]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/19070500004/indonesia-masuki-periode-aging-population.html
Praveen V, M A. Quality of life among elderly in a rural area. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2016;754–7. doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160646
Khaje-Bishak Y;Payahoo L;Pourghasem B;Asghari Jafarabadi M; Assessing the quality of life in elderly people and related factors in Tabriz, Iran [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022 Nov 3]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25717455
Mental health of older adults [Internet]. World Health Organization; [cited 2022 Dec 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults
Chang H-K, Gil C-R, Kim H-J, Bea H-J. Factors affecting quality of life among the elderly in long-term care hospitals [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2023 May 27]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7808359/
Depressive disorder (depression) [Internet]. World Health Organization; [cited 2022 Dec 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Song J, Lee E. Health-related quality of life of elderly women with fall experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(15):7804. doi:10.3390/ijerph18157804
Jemal K, Hailu D, Tesfa B, Lama T, Kinati T, Mengistu E. Geriatric depression and quality of life in North Shoa Zone, Oromia region: a community cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 28;20:36.
Vinsalia T, Handajani YS. Life satisfaction is the most significant determinant of quality of life in the elderly. Universa Med. 2021 Jan 5;40(1):14–21.
Gobbens RJ, Remmen R. The effects of sociodemographic factors on quality of life among people aged 50 years or older are not unequivocal: comparing SF-12, WHOQOL-BREF, and WHOQOL-OLD. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:231–9.
Ausín B, Zamorano A, Muñoz M. Relationship between quality of life and sociodemographic, physical and mental health variables in people over 65 in the community of Madrid. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(22):8528. doi:10.3390/ijerph17228528
Wikananda G. Hubungan Kualitas Hidup Dan faktor Resiko Pada usia lanjut di Wilayah Kerja puskesmas tampaksiring I Kabupaten Gianyar Bali 2015. Intisari Sains Medis. 2017;8(1):41–9. doi:10.15562/ism.v8i1.112
Rifqatussaadah R. Kualitas Hidup Lanjut usia Pada Masa pandemi covid 19 [Internet]. Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran. [cited 2023May1]. Available from: https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/sensorik/article/view/2088.
Morgan U-O, Etukumana E, Abasiubong F. Sociodemographic factors affecting the quality of life of elderly persons attending the general outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, South-South Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal. 2017;58(4):138. doi:10.4103/nmj.nmj_124_17
Santhalingam S, Sivagurunathan S, Prathapan S, Kanagasabai S, Kamalarupan L. The effect of socioeconomic factors on quality of life of elderly in Jaffna District of Sri Lanka. PLOS Global Public Health. 2022;2(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000916
Chruściel P, Szczekala K, Derewiecki T, Jakubowska K, Nalepa D, Czekirda M, et al. Differences in the quality of life dependent on family status of the elderly living in rural areas – a cross-sectional survey. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2018;25(3):532–8. doi:10.26444/aaem/93501
Hedayati HR, Hadi N, Mostafavi L, Akbarzadeh A, Montazeri A. Quality of life among nursing home residents compared with the elderly at home. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2014;15(4). doi:10.17795/semj22718
Gunawan I, Lin MH, Hsu HC. Exploring the quality of life and its related factors among the elderly. South East Asia Nurs Res. 2020 Mar 31;2(1):1.
Sivertsen H, Bjørkløf GH, Engedal K, Selbæk G, Helvik A-S. Depression and quality of life in older persons: A Review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2015;40(5–6):311–39. doi:10.1159/000437299
Hussenoeder FS, Jentzsch D, Matschinger H, Hinz A, Kilian R, Riedel-Heller SG, et al. Depression and quality of life in old age: A closer look. European Journal of Ageing. 2020;18(1):75–83. doi:10.1007/s10433-020-00573-8
Juniarni L, Wulandari SS. The Relationship between Depression and the Quality of Life among Elderly in Nursing Home. International Journal of Caring Science. 2020 Dec;13(3):2048–53.
Pharmaceutical care Untuk Penderita Gangguan Depresi [Internet]. Kementerian Kesehatan RI Farmalkes; 2023. Available from: https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/unduh/pharmaceutical-care-untuk-penderita-gangguan-depresi/
Saraçlı Ö, Akca AS, Atasoy N, Önder Ö, Şenormancı Ö, Kaygisız İ, et al. The relationship between quality of life and cognitive functions, anxiety and depression among hospitalized elderly patients. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. 2015;13(2):194–200. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.194
Margaretha C, Sarjana W, Suharto S, Jusup I. Relationship between quality of life, depression, and participation in elderly integrated health service post among older adults. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing. 2021;11(2):144–53. doi:10.14710/nmjn.v11i2.33500
Maki Y, Yamaguchi T, Yamagami T, Murai T, Hachisuka K, Miyamae F, et al. The impact of subjective memory complaints on quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. Psychogeriatrics. 2014;14(3):175–81. doi:10.1111/psyg.12056
Saputri ND, Susanto T, Susumaningrum LA [Internet]. Revista Cubana de Enfermería; 2020. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/enf/v36n2/1561-2961-enf-36-02-e3244.pdf
Hsiao H-T, Li S-Y, Yang Y-P, Lin LL, Lin S-I, Wang J-J. Cognitive function and quality of life in community-dwelling seniors with mild cognitive impairment in Taiwan. Community Mental Health Journal. 2016;52(4):493–8. doi:10.1007/s10597-016-9993-6
Madani TR, Biromo AR. Hubungan fungsi Kognitif Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia di Panti Sosial Trena Werdha budi mulia 2. Tarumanagara Medical Journal. 2022;4(2):346–51. doi:10.24912/tmj.v4i2.20818
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Damianus Journal of Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
