RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND BLOOD PRESSURE TOWARDS COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF ELDERLY IN MERUYA, WEST JAKARTA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v19i2.1248Keywords:
cognitive function of elderly, diabetes, hypertensionAbstract
Introduction: A decline in cognitive function in the elderly occurs in the body due to aging. Internal and external factors influence the decline in cognitive function in the elderly. This research focuses on blood sugar, blood pressure, and the elderly's characteristics as a factor in decreasing the cognitive function of the elderly.
Methods: This research uses the descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional design of 101 respondents. The independent variables of this study are blood sugar, blood pressure, and demographic characteristics. The dependent variable is the cognitive function of the elderly. Data obtained were analyzed both univariate and bivariate using the Chi-square test.
Results: Blood pressure has a significant relationship with the impaired cognitive function in the elderly (p<0.05). Other factors, such as blood sugar, age, sex, and education level did not show any relationship with the cognitive function of the elderly (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Blood pressure has a relationship with cognitive function in the elderly. In contrast, blood sugar does not have a relationship with cognitive function.
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References
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Pulungan A, Hendarto A, Hegar B, Oswari H. Stimulasi dini untuk bayi dan balita. Continuing Professional Development-Nutrition Growth and Development. Jakarta: IDAI Jaya; 2006. hal. 27–44.
Roberts RO, Geda YE, Knopman DS, Teresa JH, Christianson B, Pankratz VS, et al. Duration and severity of diabetes are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2008; 65(8):1066–73. Available from: https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630223/.
Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bennett DA. Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(4):287–91.
Taraghi Z, Akbari Kamrani A-A, Foroughan M, Yazdani J, Mahdavi A, Baghernejad SK. Cognitive impairment among elderly patients with chronic heart failure and related factors. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016;10(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5087256/.
Birns J, Kalra L. Cognitive function and hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2009; 23(2):86–96.
Maylasari I, Sulistyowati R, Ramadani KD, Annisa L, Susilo D (ed.), Harahap IE (ed.), et al. Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2017. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2017.
Turana Y. Stimulasi otak pada kelompok lansia di komunitas. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan. Semester 1 2013: hal.19-24.
Handajani YS. Indeks pengukuran disabilitas dan prediksi kualitas hidup pada masyarakat lanjut usia di DKI Jakarta (Suatu upaya memperkirakan kemandirian lanjut usia). Disertasi. Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia; 2006.
Fedewa AL, Ahn S. The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2011;82(3):521–35. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599785.
Wu MS, Lan TH, Chen CM, Chiu HC, Lan TY. Socio-demographic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly in Taiwan. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1). Available from: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcen- tral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-11-22.
Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(8):487–99. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/ retrieve/pii/S1474442205701411.
Kurniawan I. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada usia lanjut. Maj Kedokt Indon. Desember 2010;60.
Pusat data dan informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Infodatin. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2014. Tersedia pada: https://www.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin-diabetes.pdf
Huang Y. IDF Diabetes atlas. 8th Edition. 2017. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org
Bruehl H, Sweat V, Hassenstab J, Polyakov V, Convit A. Cognitive impairment in nondiabetic middle-aged and older adults is associated with insulin resistance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010;32(5):487–93. Available from: https://www. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13803390903224928.
Nugroho BAW, Adnyana IMO, Samatra DPGP. Gula darah tidak terkontrol sebagai faktor risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 usia dewasa menengah. Medicina. Tersedia pada: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ medicina/article/view/24058.
Bell K, Twiggs J, Olin BR. Hypertension: The silent killer: Updated JNC-8 Guideline Recommendations. Alabama Pharmacy Association; 2015.
WHO. Raised blood pressure. WHO. Available from: https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/ blood_pressure_prevalence_text/en/.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Hasil Riskesdas 2013. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2013. Tersedia pada: https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf.
Kementrian Kesehatan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil utama Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2018. Tersedia pada: https://www.kemkes.go.id/resour-ces/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf.
National Library of Medicine. Aging changes in organs, tissues, and cells. MedlinePlus Medical
Encyclopedia. Available from: https://medlineplus. gov/ency/article/004012.htm.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res.1975;12(3):189–98.
Soelistijo SA, Novida H, Rudijanto A, Soewondo P, et al. Konsensus pengelolaan dan pencegahan-diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia. Jakarta: PB Perkeni; 2015. Tersedia pada: https://pbperkeni. or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/4.-Konsensus-Pengelolaan-dan-Pencegahan-Diabetes-melitus-tipe-2-di-Indonesia-PERKENI-2015.pdf.
Sinclair AJ, Morley JE, Vellas B. (eds.) Pathy’s prin-ciples and practice of geriatric medicine. 5th ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 837.
Hayat SA, Luben R, Dalzell N, Moore S, Anuj S, Matthews FE, et al. Cross sectional associations between socio-demographic factors and cognitive performance in an older british population: The European Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study. PLOS ONE.2016;11(12):e0166779. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166779.
Pulungan A, Hendarto A, Hegar B, Oswari H. Stimulasi dini untuk bayi dan balita. Continuing Professional Development-Nutrition Growth and Development. Jakarta: IDAI Jaya; 2006. hal. 27–44.
Roberts RO, Geda YE, Knopman DS, Teresa JH, Christianson B, Pankratz VS, et al. Duration and severity of diabetes are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2008; 65(8):1066–73. Available from: https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630223/.
Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bennett DA. Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(4):287–91.
Taraghi Z, Akbari Kamrani A-A, Foroughan M, Yazdani J, Mahdavi A, Baghernejad SK. Cognitive impairment among elderly patients with chronic heart failure and related factors. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016;10(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5087256/.
Birns J, Kalra L. Cognitive function and hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2009; 23(2):86–96.
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Published
2020-11-25
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Margaretha MC, Turana Y, Barus J, Widjaja NT. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND BLOOD PRESSURE TOWARDS COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF ELDERLY IN MERUYA, WEST JAKARTA. DJM [Internet]. 2020 Nov. 25 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];19(2):125-32. Available from: https://ejournal.atmajaya.ac.id/index.php/damianus/article/view/1248
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