Author Guidelines

Authors are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the Jurnal Perkotaan Manuscript Template and the following guidelines. Manuscripts that do not comply with the journal's requirements may be returned to the authors for correction before editorial evaluation.

General Requirement:

1. Manuscripts must contain approximately 3,000–8,000 words, including the main manuscript components, references, tables, figures, and appendices included in the manuscript file.
2. Manuscripts must be prepared using Microsoft Word, on A4-size paper, in a single-column format and with single-line spacing.
3. Page margins must be 3 cm on all sides.
4. The manuscript body must use Times New Roman, 12-point font. The title must use 16-point font; author names and corresponding-author information must use 10-point font; and affiliations must use 9-point font, in accordance with the journal template.
5. The manuscript, including the title, main text, tables, figures, captions, declarations, and references, must be written in English. However, the abstract must be provided in both English and Bahasa Indonesia.
6. The manuscript title should be concise, informative, grammatically correct, and contain no more than 25 words.
7. Authors should use the official Jurnal Perkotaan Manuscript Template when preparing their manuscript.
8. Manuscripts should generally contain only the number of figures and tables necessary to communicate the findings effectively. Approximately 3–5 figures and/or tables may be appropriate for many articles; however, the number may vary according to the nature and design of the study.
9. Figures must have sufficient quality for publication, preferably with a resolution of at least 300 dpi. All text, symbols, legends, and labels must remain clearly readable at publication size.
10. Tables and figures must be cited sequentially in the text and accompanied by clear, self-explanatory titles or captions.
11. Authors are responsible for ensuring that figures, tables, photographs, maps, questionnaires, or other third-party materials are free from copyright restrictions or that appropriate permission for their use has been obtained.
12. References must follow the IEEE referencing style.
13. Manuscripts must contain at least 20 references. As a general requirement, at least 80% of the references should consist of recent primary scholarly sources, preferably journal articles published within the preceding 10 years. Older references may be used when they are seminal, historically important, methodologically essential, or otherwise directly relevant to the study.
14. Authors are encouraged to use a reference-management program to ensure consistency and accuracy of citations and references.

Please refer to the manuscript template prior to submission.

Language Requirements

All scholarly content of the manuscript must be written in clear and grammatically correct English.

Manuscript Structure

Manuscripts should generally be organized in the following order:

1. Title

The title should accurately, clearly, and concisely represent the principal content of the manuscript and should not exceed 25 words.

2. Author Names and Affiliations

Authors should provide their complete names without academic degrees or professional titles.

Each author's institutional affiliation must include, as applicable:

Department/Unit, Institution, City, and Country.

One author must be identified as the corresponding author, with a valid email address.

All listed authors must meet the journal's authorship requirements and must have approved the submitted version of the manuscript.

3. Abstract

The manuscript must contain:

• an English Abstract;
• English Keywords;
• an Indonesian Abstrak; and
• corresponding Kata Kunci in Bahasa Indonesia.

The English Abstract and Indonesian Abstrak should communicate equivalent scientific or scholarly information.

Each abstract should be written as a single paragraph of no more than 200 words and should briefly describe the background or purpose of the study, methods or approach, principal findings, and main conclusion or implications.

Authors should provide 3–5 keywords that accurately represent the principal subject matter of the manuscript.

Introduction

The Introduction should provide sufficient background to establish the context and significance of the study.

Authors should:

• clearly identify the problem or knowledge gap;
• summarize relevant previous research without presenting an unnecessarily extensive literature review;
• explain the scientific, social, policy, or practical significance of the study; and
• clearly state the study objective, research question, or hypothesis at the end of the section.

The Introduction should not contain detailed methodological information or prematurely present the study results.

Methods

The Methods section should provide sufficient detail to permit readers to evaluate the validity of the study and, where applicable, reproduce the work.

Depending on the research design, the section should describe relevant elements such as:

• study design;
• setting and study period;
• participants, population, or data sources;
• sampling methods and eligibility criteria;
• materials and instruments;
• variables and measurements;
• data-collection procedures;
• experimental or analytical procedures;
• qualitative procedures, where applicable;
• statistical analyses;
• software and relevant versions; and
• ethical approval and informed-consent procedures, where applicable.

Previously published methods should be appropriately cited, with modifications clearly described.

Authors should follow recognized reporting guidelines appropriate to their study design whenever applicable.

Results

The Results section must present the findings of the study clearly, logically, and objectively.

Results should be organized according to the study objectives or research questions and may be supported by tables, figures, diagrams, or other appropriate materials.

Authors should:

• report findings without unnecessary repetition between the text and tables or figures;
• provide appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics where relevant;
• report relevant effect estimates, measures of uncertainty, and statistical significance where appropriate;
• ensure consistency between the text, tables, figures, and underlying analyses; and
• avoid extensive interpretation or comparison with previous studies in this section.

All tables and figures must be mentioned and appropriately interpreted in the text.

Discussion

The Discussion must be presented separately from the Results section.

The Discussion should interpret the principal findings in relation to the study objectives, relevant theories, previous research, and the broader scholarly or societal context.

Authors should address, where appropriate:

• the principal findings of the study;
• interpretation and possible explanations of the findings;
• similarities and differences compared with previous studies;
• theoretical, scientific, clinical, social, legal, policy, or practical implications;
• strengths of the study;
• limitations of the study; and
• implications for future research or practice.

The Discussion should not merely repeat the Results.

Interpretations must remain proportionate to the evidence and should avoid conclusions that extend beyond the study design or data.

Conclusion

The Conclusion should provide a concise synthesis of the major findings and their significance.

The conclusion must directly address the study objective or research question and should be supported by the results presented in the manuscript.

Authors should avoid simply repeating the Abstract or Results.

Recommendations may be included when they are directly supported by the findings.

Supporting Information

Additional materials that are important for understanding or reproducing the study but are not essential to the main manuscript may be provided as Supporting Information.

These may include supplementary tables, figures, questionnaires, datasets, methodological details, analytical outputs, or other relevant materials.

Acknowledgments

Authors may acknowledge individuals or institutions that contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

Funding information should not be reported exclusively in the Acknowledgments section; it must be provided separately under Funding.

Author Contributions

The contributions of each author must be clearly stated.

Jurnal Perkotaan recommends the use of the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) where appropriate.

A typical declaration may include roles such as:

Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review and Editing, Supervision, Project Administration, and Funding Acquisition.

Authors should identify individual contributions using author initials.

All listed authors must have made a meaningful contribution to the work and must approve the final manuscript.

Funding

Authors must disclose all financial support received for the research and/or preparation of the manuscript.

The statement should include:

• funding organization;
• grant or contract number, where applicable; and
• recipient of the funding, where relevant.

If the study received no specific financial support, authors should state:

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Ethical Clearance and Informed Consent

For studies involving human participants, identifiable human data, or animals, authors must provide an appropriate ethical statement.

The statement should include, where applicable:

• name of the approving ethics committee or institutional review board;
• ethical approval/reference number;
• confirmation that the research complied with applicable ethical standards; and
• information regarding informed consent.

For studies involving human participants, authors should state whether informed consent was obtained and describe any approved waiver where applicable.

For studies involving animals, appropriate institutional ethical approval and relevant animal-welfare procedures must be reported.

If ethical approval was not required for the type of research conducted, authors should state this and, where appropriate, provide the reason.

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any financial, personal, professional, institutional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the work.

If no conflict exists, authors should state:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies

Authors must disclose substantive use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies in accordance with the journal's AI policy.

Where AI was used, the declaration should identify the tool and explain its purpose.

Example:

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [name/version of AI tool] for [purpose]. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-assisted output and take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and content of the manuscript.

Where no reportable generative AI was used, authors may state:

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies: The authors declare that no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies requiring disclosure under the journal's policy were used in the preparation of this manuscript.

AI systems cannot be listed as authors.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, references, analyses, and other content produced with AI assistance.

Data Availability Statement

Authors should provide a Data Availability Statement describing whether and how data supporting the findings of the study may be accessed.

Where data cannot be publicly shared because of ethical, legal, privacy, contractual, or other legitimate restrictions, this should be clearly stated.

Examples include:

Data Availability: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

or:

Data Availability: The data supporting this study are available in [repository name] at [persistent identifier/link].

Where a data availability statement is not applicable to the article type, authors may state:

Data Availability: Not applicable.

References

References must follow IEEE style and must be numbered according to their order of appearance in the manuscript.

References in the text should be indicated using numbers in square brackets, for example:

Previous studies have reported similar findings [4], [5].

or:

Anugrah et al. [6] reported different results.

The reference list must contain at least 20 references, with at least 80% consisting of recent primary sources, preferably journal articles published within the preceding 10 years.

The use of relevant older or seminal literature is permitted when academically justified.

Authors are responsible for ensuring:

• that every citation in the manuscript appears in the reference list and vice versa;
• that all bibliographic information is accurate;
• that references genuinely support the statements for which they are cited; and
• that DOI information is provided whenever available.

Authors must independently verify references produced or suggested through AI-assisted technologies.

Figures and Tables

Tables and figures should be inserted in the manuscript near their first citation.

Each table must have a clear title, while each figure must have an informative caption.

Figures should:

• have a minimum recommended resolution of 300 dpi;
• remain readable at publication size;
• contain clearly legible labels, symbols, and legends;
• avoid unnecessary decorative elements; and
• accurately represent the underlying data.

Authors must not manipulate figures in ways that could misrepresent or obscure the original findings.

Any previously published or copyrighted material must include appropriate attribution and permission when required.